Chabner LOM Chapter Sixteen
Terms
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- albino
- Person with skin deficient in pigment (melanin)
- apocrine sweat gland
- One of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas. It secretes sweat that, in action with bacteria, is responsible for human body odor.
- basal layer
- The deepest regions of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells.
- collagen
- Structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue
- cuticle
- Band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate
- dermis
- Middle layer of the skin; also called corium
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edidermis this word should be spelled
epidermis - Outermost layer of the skin
- epithelium
- Layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body
- hair follicle
- Sac within which each hair grows
- integumentary system
- The skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails
- keratin
- Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails. Keratin means horn and is commonly found in the horns of animals.
- lipocyte
- A fat cell
- lunula
- The half-moon-shaped, white area at the base of a nail
- melanin
- Major pigment that gives the skin color. It is formed by melanocytes in the epidermis.
- paronychium
- Soft tissue surrounding the nail border
- pore
- Tiny opening on the surface of the skin
- sebaceous gland
- Oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles
- sebum
- Oily-substance secreted by sebaceous glands
- squamous epithelium
- Flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis
- stratified
- Arranged in layers
- stratum (plural: strata)
- A layer (of cells)
- stratum corneum
- The outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized (horny) cells
- subcutaneous tissue
- The innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue.
- adip/o
- fat (also lip/o and steat/o)
- albin/o
- white
- caus/o
- burn, burning
- cauter/o
- heat, burn
- cutane/o
- skin (also derm)
- diaphor/o
- profuse sweating
- erythem/o, erythemat/o
- redness
- hidr/o
- sweat
- ichthy/o
- scaly, dry (fish-like)
- kerat/o
- hard, horny tissue
- lip/o
- fat
- melan/o
- black
- myc/o
- fungus (fungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms)
- onych/o
- nail (also ungu/o)
- phyt/o
- plant
- pil/o
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hair (also trich/o)
hair follicle - rhytid/o
- wrinkle
- seb/o
- sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands)
- squam/o
- scale-like
- steat/o
- fat
- trich/o
- hair
- ungu/o
- nail
- xanth/o
- yellow
- xer/o
- dry
- crust
- Collection of dried serum and cellular debris
- cyst
- Thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
- erosion
- Wearing away or loss of epidermis
- fissure
- Groove or crack-like sore
- macule
- Discolored (often reddened) flat lesion
- nodule
- Solid, elevated lesion more than 1 cm in diameter
- papule
- Small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin
- polyp
- Mushroom-like growth extending on a stalk from the surface of mucous membrane
- pustule
- Small elevation of the skin containing pus
- ulcer
- Open sore on the skin or mucous membrane
- vesicle
- Small collection of clear fluid (serum); blister
- cellulitis
- Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
- eczema
- Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular lesions
- exanthematous viral diseases
- Rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection
- gangrene
- Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
- impetigo
- Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions
- psoriasis
- Chronic, recurrent dematosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
- scabies
- A contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus
- scleroderma
- A chronic progressive disease of the skin with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
- systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Chronic inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, of joints, and of internal organs
- tinea
- Infection of the skin caused by a fungus
- vitiligo
- Loss of pigment (depigmentation)in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)
- callus
- Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction
- keloid
- Hypertrophied, thickened scar that occurs after trauma or surgical incision
- keratosis
- Thickened area of the epidermis
- leukoplakia
- White, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek
- nevus (plural: nevi)
- Pigmented lesion of the skin
- verruca
- Epidermal growth caused by a virus (wart)
- basal cell carcinoma
- Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules. Frequently on the lower extremities. Associated with AIDS
- malignant melanoma
- Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes
- squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis
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Laboratory Test:
bacterial analyses - Samples of skin are sent to a laboratory to detect presence of microorganisms
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Laboratory Test:
fungal tests - Scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clipps are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination
- cryosurgery
- Use of subfreezing temperature via liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
- curettage
- Use of a sharp dermal curet (curette) to scrape away a skin lesion
- electrodesiccation
- Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark
- Mohs surgery
- Thin layers of a malignant growth are removed, and each is examined under a microscope
- skin biopsy
- Suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and sent to the pathology laboratory for microscopic examination
- skin test
- The reaction of the body to a substance by observing the results of injecting the substance intradermally or applying it topically to the skin
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Abbreviation:
ABCD -
Characteristics assoc. with skin cancer
Asymmetry (of shape)
Border (irregularity)
Color (variation with one lesion)
Diameter (greater than 6 m) -
Abbreviation:
bx - biopsy
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Abbreviation:
Derm. - dermatology
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Abbreviation:
DLE - discoid lupus erythematosus
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Abbreviation:
PPD - purified protein derivative; skin test for tuberculosis
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Abbreviation:
PUVA - psoralen-ultraviolet A light therapy (treatment for psoriasis)
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Abbreviation:
SLE - systemic lupus erythematosus
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Abbreviation:
subcut - subcutaneous