Chp 12 & 13- Middle Ages
Terms
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- What is the dates of the Middle Ages?
- 500-1300 AD
- What are the 2 divisions of the Middle Ages and their dates?
-
The Dark Ages 500-1100
High Middle Ages or The Age of Faith 1100-1300 - What are 3 ties of Culture?
-
1.Culture of classical Rome
2.Culture of Barbarian tribes
3.Catholic beliefs - What is Wergeld?
- money in exchange for a person's death to end a vendetta
- What are the 4 ways justice was handled?
-
1.Trial by battle
2.Trial by oath or compurgation
3.Trial by ordeal
4.Wergeld - What was the first barbarian tribe that ruled during the Middle Ages?
- The Franks
- Who was the 1st leader of the Franks?
- Clovis I
- What was the family name of Clovis?
- Merovingian
- What is the mayor of the palace called?
- Major Domo
- Who wins the Battle of Tours in 732 AD?
- Charles Martel
- Who was crowned kind "by the grace of God"
- Pepin III
- What was the Donation of Pepin?
- Land, and key to the Vatican city
- Who is the greatest king and what is the family name?
- Charlemagne-----Carolingian
- What does Charlemagne ask of the pope and what does he not do?
- Asks to crown him king and doesn't pay attention to the land
- What are counts?
- People who watch counties
- Missi Dominici
- inspectors
- Scriptoria
- copy rooms to copy scripture
- Carolingian miniscule
- ornate writing
- What are some characteristics of Charlemage's reign?
-
*True supporter of Church: Be Christian OR go to hell
*Encourages education
*Copy works of biblical scripture - What marks the decline of Europe?
- Charlemagne's death
- Who were the most feared invaders?
- Vikings
- These invaders have a country named after them. (Hungary)
- Huns or Magyars
- What are the accomplishments of the Vikings?
- Shipbuilders abd Warriors
- Who are the two Vikings that travel the Atlantic?
-
1.Erik the Red or Erik Erikson
2.Leaf Erikson - Who are the Barbarian tribes that invade the empire?
- Magyars or Huns;Vikings;Muslims;Slavs;Berserks
- What did the Beserks do before battle?
- Snarled and growled to intimidate the opposing side
- From top to bottom what are the church positions?
-
Pope
Arch bishop
Bishop
Parish priest - Job of Parish priest
- Read sacraments, gave forgiveness, confessed to, mostly illiterate
- Job of Bishop
- In charge of district
- What is the district called that bishops were in charge of?
- Diocese
- How were bishops chosen?
- By wealth
- Job of Arch Bishop
-
*Own diocese
*In charge of policies Ie)X-rated movies, bad books ect. - Curia
- Pope advisors
- Who was involved in both political and spiritual matters?
- Gregory I
- This person declared Papal Supremacy
- Innocent III
- What are 2 examples of Innocent III's power?
-
1.Forced the King of France to take his wife back
2.Forced Kind of England to take his choice of archbishop - Lay-investiture
- When the king names the bishop and not the Pope
- What does Gregory the VII do to the Catholic church?
- Closes all Catholic churches in Henry's country
- Monasticism
- Withdrawal from the real world into a secluded life of devotion to God
- Who write a code of rules for monks?
- St.Benedict
- What are the 3 vows of monks?
-
1.Chastity
2.Poverty
3.Obedience - What are the other two rules of monks?
- Give away all posessions& can not leave monastery
- What are the two obligations of monks?
- Pray 7-8 hours a day & 7-8 hours of manual labor
- Scholastica
- convent
- Feudalism
- Replaced anarchy---economic and social system of gs and obligations
- Land was called----
- Fief
- If you owned land you were called a---
- lord
- If you inherited land you were a---
- Vassal
- What are the three feudal relationships?
-
1.Personal
2.Could be a vassal&lord
3.Honorable - What was their armor called?
- Chain mail
- What was invented to help the knight onto the horse and why?
- The stirrup because their armor was so heavy it was hard to lift themselves
- What happened to horses?
- Larger horses were bread
- Peace of God
- law that says knights could not fight in certain places
- Truce of God
- forbids certain days of fighting
- What are some chivalry codes?
-
*Fight fair
*Treat enemy honorably
*Loyal
*Honest
*Bravery - Who were the 3 masters?
-
1.Heavenly lord
2.Feudal lord
3.Lady - What is the political role of the church?
-
Pope is head&feudal lord
Church's policies followed due to absolute power - Canon
- Pope's law
- What is the economic role of the Church?
-
*No excess profit
*Hardwork
*Do not price gouge
*Do not charge interest - Usury
- Charging interest
- Who lent money to the Christians because lending money was wrong?
- The Jews
- What is the social role of the Chruch?
-
*No divorce
*25% of donations to poor
*Set up orphanages, hospitals, and poor house - What are 3 problems of the church?
-
Lay-investiture
Simony
Worldy lives of clergy - Simony
- buying and selling of high church offices
- Heritic
- Denial of church policy
- October 14, 1066
- Battle of Hastings
- what happened in 1066
- Battle of Hastings-last invasion of Britian
- Henry II
-
1.Strengthens royal courts
2.Jury system and common law (case based on previous decisions) - Magna Carta
- Limits the power of the king
- Who signed the Magna Carta?
- King John
- "Who will rid me of this priest?"
-
Henry VS Beckitt
Royal court VS church court
Beckitt assassination due to quote - French dynasty and founder
- Capetian--Hugh Capet
- Phillip II
- Gained more territory
- Phillip IV
- Starts French Parliament--General Estates
- 1st leader of HRE
- Otto I
- Two divisions of Parliament
-
1.House of Lords
2.House of Commons - Legate
- Pope's foregin advisors