Chabner LOM 7th ed
Terms
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- external respiration
- oxygen is inhaled
- internal respiration
- exchange of gases at the cells within all organs of the body
- cilia
- fine hairs in the nasal cavity to help filter out foreign bodies, warm and moisten the air
- paranasal sinuses
- hollow, air-containing spaces within the skull
- three divisions of the pharynx
-
1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx - nasopharynx
- contains pharyngeal tonsils, aka the adenoids, which are collections of lymphatic tissue
- oropharynx
- closer to the mouth (oral) and contains the palatine tonsils, two rounded masses of lymphatic tissue
- laryngopharynx
-
serves as a common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose.
It also divides into two branches:
1. larynx
2. esophagus - epiglottis
- a flap of catilage attached to the root of the tongue, prevents choking or aspiration of food. It acts as a lid over the opening of the larynx. During swallowing, when food and liquid move through the throat, the epiglottis closes over the larynx.
- trachea
- kept open by 16 to 20 C-shaped rings of catilage separated by fibrous connective tissue that stiffen the front and sides of the tube
- bronchi
- each bronchus leads to a separate lung and divides and subdivides into smaller and finer tubes, somewhat like the branches of a tree
- bronchioles
- smallest of the bronchial tubes
- alveoli
- clusters of air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. Each alveolus is lined with a one-cell layer of epithelium. This very thin wall permits an exchnage of gases between the alveolus and the capillary.
- capillary
- blood flowing through the capillary accepts oxygen from the alveolus while depositing carbon dioxide into the alveolous.
- erythrocytes
- in the blood carry oxygen to all parts of the body and carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhaltion
- pleura
- each lung is covered by this double-folded membrane
- parietal pleura
- outer layer of the pleura, nearest the ribs
- visceral pleura
- inner layer closest to the lung
- lobes
- each lung is divided into lobes. The right lung (which is larger) has 3 lobes and the left lung has 2 lobes
- apex
- uppermost part of the lung
- base
- lower area of the lung
- hilum
- middle area of the lung
- inspiration
- inhalation
- expiration
- exhalation
- pulmonary parenchyma
- essential cells of the lung - those performing its main function: the air sacs and small bronchioles
- carbon dioxide
- a gas produced by body cells when oxygena nd food combine; exhaled through the lungs
- exudates
- fluid
- anthracosis
- coal dust
- asbestosis
- asbestos particles
- silicosis
- silica or glass
- nosocomial
- hospital