Blood System - Chapter 12 - Language of Medicine
Terms
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- albumin
- protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in blood
- antibody
- protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in repsonse to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is psecific to an antigen and inactivates it
- antigen
- a substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
- basophil
- granulocytic whit eblood cell with granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye
- bilirubin
- orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die
- coagulation
- blood clotting
- colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
- protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes)
- differentiation
- change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialiation
- electrophoresis
- method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
- esoinophil
- leukocyte with dense, reddish granule shaving an affirinity for red acidic dye; associated with allergic reactions
- erythrocyte
- red blood cell; 5 million per microliter (uL) or cubi milimeter of blood
- erythropoietin (EPO)
- hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates formation of red blood cells
- fibrin
- protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
- fibrinogen
- plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
- globulins
- part of blood containing different plasma proteins; immunoglobings and alpha and beta globulins are examples
- granulocyte
- white blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil
- heme
- iron-containing nonprotein portion of the meoglobin molecule
- hemoglobin
- blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells
- hemolysis
- destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)
- heparin
- anticoagulant foudn in blood and tissue cells
- immune reaction
- response of the immune system to foreign invasion
- immunoglobin
- protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.
- leukocyte
- white blood cell
- lymphocyte
- mononuclear leukocyte that produces anitobdies
- macrophage
- monocyte that migrates from blood to tissue spaces; large phagocyte
- megakaryocyte
- large platelet precursor cell formed in bone marrow
- mononuclear
- pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes
- neutrophil
- granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow; phagocyte with neutral-staining granules; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte, or poly
- plasma
- liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins
- plasmapheresis
- removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Cells are retransfused into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma
- platelet
- smallest blood cell (thrombocyte); clumps at sites of injury to prevent bleeding and facilitate clotting
- prothrombin
- plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
- reticulocyte
- immature erythrocyte with a network of strands (reticulin) that can be seen after staining the cells with special dyes
- Rh factor
- antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive individuals. The factor was first identified in teh blood of a rhesus monkey
- serum
- plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but doe snto contain protein-coagulation factors
- stem cell
- bone marrow cell that vies rise to different tyeps of blood cells; hematopoietic stem cell
- thrombin
- enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
- thrombocyte
- platelet