Foot
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- 7 bones of the foot:
-
1. Talus
2. Calcaneus
3. Navicular
4. Cuneiform
5. Cuboid
6. Metatarsals of foot
7. Phalanges of foot - Talus articulates with:
-
-Tibia (above)
-Fibula (above)
-Calcaneus (below)
-Navicular bone (in front of) - Calcaneus articulates with:
-
-Talus (on top)
-Cuboid (in front of) - Sustentaculum Tali - what is it?
- Projection of calcaneus bone that supports the talus
- How to remember what the Sustentaculum Tali is:
- "Sustentaculum tali sustains the Talus"
- Navicular bone articulates with:
-
-Head of talus (on top/behind)
-3 Cuneiforms (in front of)
-Cuboid bone (side) - Cuboid bone articulates with:
-
-Calcaneus (behind)
-Navicular (to the side)
-Lateral Cuneiform
-Metatarsals 4 / 5 - What is the weight distribution in the foot?
-
50% -> Calcaneus
50% -> Metatarsals - What happens when you wear high heels?
- Shift so 80% of weight is on MTs
- What is Hallux Valgus?
- Lateral deviation of big toe JOINT - 1st MTP joint
- What is a Hammer toe?
- Hyperextension of the 2nd MTP joint - usually in conjunction with hallux valgus; results in pushing 2nd toe up/bent.
- What is Plantar Fasciitis?
- Stretched out, sagging arches
- What is a Bunion? Usually where?
- Extra boney growth, primarily at the 5th MTP joint.
- what is Morton's neuroma?
- Fibrosis of the nerve on the plantar portion of the foot btwn toes 3/4
- What is Tinea Pedis?
- Athlete's foot
- What is Pes Planus?
- Flat feet
- Where are there sesamoid bones in the foot?
- At the 1st metatarsal, plantar side.
- What runs between the 2 sesamoids at the Great toe?
-
FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS TENDON
-Bones are there to keep pressure off this tendon. - What is the axis of ab/adduction in the foot?
- Toe #2
-
How many phalanges are in
-the big toe
-the other toes? -
Big toe = 2
Other toes = 3 - What type of a joint is the Ankle joint? What bones form it?
- hinge and mortis; formed by Tibia, Fibula, Talus.
- Mortis means:
- 3-sided
- What are the primary actions of the Ankle joint?
-
Plantarflexion - pressing on gas
Dorsiflexion - easing off gas - Which action is true flexion?
- Plantar
- What are the 2 ligaments of the ankle joint? How are they different?
-
-deltoid (medial) STRONG
-Tripartite (lateral) WEAK - so most commonly dislocated - What type of movement damages the medial Deltoid ligament?
- Eversion - lateral side of foot goes up, medial down - pulls apart the medial side of joint.
- What type of movement damages the lateral Tripartite ligament?
- Inversion
- What is the Transverse Tarsal joint?
- Where the talus and calcaneus articulate w/ Navicular and Cuboid bones
- What is the function of the Transverse Tarsal joint?
- It assists with Eversion and Inversion.
- Which Tarsal-Metatarsal joint is similar to a mortis joint? Why is it significant?
- 2nd - this is the site of a marching fracture - common site for stress fractures.
- 2 Diseases that commonly occur at the 1st MTP joint:
-
-Hallux valgus
-Gout - What are the 2 types of Interphalangeal joints?
-
PIP - proximal
DIP - distal - What is significant about the IP joints in the big toe?
- Only one - usually just refer to as "the ip joint of the hallux".
- What are the major arches in the foot?
-
-Longitudinal (2) medial/lateral
-Transverse - What forms the Medial Longitudinal Arch?
-
-Calcaneus
-Talus
-Navicular
-3 Cuneiforms
-Metatarsals 1-3 - What forms the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?
-
-Calcaneus
-Cuboid
-Heads of Metatarsals 1-3 - Which longitudinal arch is higher?
- Medial (think of a sand footprint)
- What forms the Transverse Arch?
-
-Cuboid
-3 Cuneiforms
-Navicular - What are the ligaments of the arches? What are the ligs for?
-
1. Long plantar
2. Short plantar
3. Spring ligament
4. Plantar Aponeurosis
-Maintaining the arches -
What does the Long Plantar ligament extend between?
Where is it located? -
-Calcaneus
-Proximal metatarsals
Located Laterally & Superficial -
What does the Short Plantar ligament extend between?
Where is it located? -
-Calcaneus
-Cuboid
(Calcaneo-cuboid ligament)
Found deep to Long Plantar Lig. - Where is the Spring ligament located? What is it also called?
-
Found Medially - puts spring into your step!
Aka Calcaneo-navicular - What is the Spring ligament important for? (2 things)
-
-Putting spring into your step
-Maintaining your arch. - What is the Plantar Aponeurosis?
- Mass of superficial fibrous tissue - extends between calcaneus and metatarsal heads.
- What condition results from wearing shoes without arches?
- Plantar fasciitis - stretching, irritation, and inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis.