Extra info
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
4 extrinsic tongue muscles
-innervations -
Palatoglossus - CN X
Genioglossus = XII
Hyoglossus - XII
Syloglossus - CN XII - Muscles innervated by Hypoglossal nerve:
-
-All intrinsic tongue mm
-All extrinsic except palatoglossus - Palatoglossus nerve
- CN X
- Muscle innervated by CN IX:
- Stylopharyngeus
- "STYLOID" muscles and nerves:
-
-Stylohyoid - CN VII
-Stylopharyngeus - CN IX (pharn)
-Styloglossus - CN XII (glossal) -
Tongue - Ant 2/3
-Taste
-Sensory
-Motor -
Taste = VII (chorda tympani)
Sensory = V3
Motor = XII -
Tongue - Post 1/3
-Taste
-Sensory
-Motor -
Taste = IX
Sensory = IX & X (superior laryngeal)
Motor = XII and X (palatoglossus) - Route of Ophthalmic branch - Lacrimal:
- Between lateral rectus muscle and orbit roof
- Route of Ophthalmic branch - Frontal branch - Supratochlear:
-
Deep to periorbita
Superficial to levator palpebrae - Route of Ophthalmic branch - Frontal branch - Supraorbital:
- Through supraorbital notch
- Route of Ophthalmic branch - Nasociliary:
-
-Within muscular cone and tendinous ring of rectus muscles
-Crosses optic n. w/ Opthalmic artery - Dura mater - 2 layers:
-
1. endosteal
2. meningeal - Dura mater - 4 folds:
-
-Falx cerebri
-Falx cerebelli
-Tentorium cerebelli
-Tentorium sellae (diaphragma) - What pierces Diaphragma sellae?
- Pituitary stalk
- Nerves supplying dura mater:
-
CN V
CN X
Cervical nn via XII -
Arterial supply to Dura mater:
Venous draingage: -
Middle meningeal artery
Middle meningeal vein - 7 Venous sinouses:
-
1. Superior sagittal
2. Inferior sagittal
3. Straight sinus
4. Transverse sinus
5. Sigmoid sinus
6. Cavernous sinus
7. Petrosals - sup/inf - Superior sagittal drains into
- confluence
- Inferior sagittal joins
- Great Cerebral Vein (of Galen)
- Great cerebral vein forms
- Straight sinus
- Straight sinus - attachment of:
-
-Falx cerebri
-Tentorium cerebelli - Sigmoid sinuses drain into
- IJV
- What passes through the cavernous sinuses?
-
-CNs 3, 4, V1, V2, 6
-Internal carotid artery - Cavernous sinuses drain into:
- Sup/Inf Petrosal sinuses
- Superior Petrosal sinus drains into:
- Sigmoid sinus
- Inferior Petrosal sinus drains into:
- IJV
- Vascular supply to Arachnoid mater:
- nothing - it's avascular
- What is the purpose of arachnoid granulations?
- Project into venous sinuses and reabsorb CSF
- Pia mater
- Faithfully follows contour of the brain
- 4 types of intracranial hemorrhages:
-
1. Epidural
2. Subdural
3. Subarachnoid
4. Cerebral - Vessels associated with Epidural hemorrhage:
- Meningeal aa or vein
-
Vessels associated with Subdural hemorrhage:
-Between what 2 layers? -
Superior cerebral
-Between Dura/arachnoid -
Vessels associated with Subarachnoid hemorrhage:
-Between what 2 layers? -
Cerebral arterial circle (of
Willis)
-Between subArachnoid/Pia - Vessels associated with Cerebral hemorrhage:
- Intracerebral
- Site of CSF secretion:
- Choroid plexus
- First 4 steps - CSF circulation:
-
-Lateral Ventricles (R/L)
-3rd ventricle via intraventricular foramina
-Cerebral aqueduct (at bottom of 3rd ventricle
-4th Ventricle - How CSF exits the 4th ventricle:
-
Via 3 foramina:
-Foramen of Matradi - median
-Lateral Foramina of Lushka (2) - Where does CSF flow into from exiting the 4th ventricle?
- Subarachnoid space and cisterns
- How does CSF exit the subarachnoid space?
- Via arachnoid granulations - they project up into venous sinuses and allow CSF reabsptn.
- What is Hydrocephalus?
- Increased CSF volume which causes ventricular dilation.
- What is a common traumatic cause of Hydrocephaly?
- Fracture in the occipital region
- 3 things cause Hydrocephaly (increased CSF)
-
1. Increased production
2. Blocked circulation
3. Decreased reabsorption - 2 Types of Hydrocephaly:
-
-Communicating
-Noncommunicating - What is noncommunicating hydrocephaly?
- Blocked circulation due to obstructed ventrical system.
- Where is usual site of obstruction in noncommunicating hydrocephaly?
- Cerebral aqueduct (btwn 3rd/4th ventricles)
- What causes Communicating Hydrocephaly?
- CSF can't get from subarachnoid space into venous sinuses.
- 2 main arteries supply Circle of Willis:
-
1. ICA
2. Vertebral aa. - Vertebral aa's branch from ___ and enter the skull via:
- Subclavian a. via Foramen Magnum and Transverse foramina (cervical vertebrae)
- How does ICA enter the skull?
- Via carotid canal (petrous temporal bone) through upper part of Foramen Lacerum.
- Where does ICA go after entering the skull via Foramen lacerum?
- Cavernous sinus -> penetrates dura -> subarachnoid space -> branches
- What are the most important branches of ICA in the brain?
-
-Ophthalmic a.
-Anterior cerebral aa.
-Middle cerebral aa.
-Hypothalamic/pituitary branches - What cranial nerve will be affected by an aneurism in AICA?
- Abducent CN VI
- What typically causes CVA?
-
(CVA=cerebrovasc accidents)
-Ischemia
-Infarct - From which can brain recover?
- Ischemia - infarct results in tissue death.
- What is the difference between ischemia and infarct?
-
Ischemia = decr. blood flow
Infarct = ceased blood flow - What is the back border of the anterior cranial fossa?
- LESSER sphenoid wing - not ant clinoid processes!
- What is crista galli's function?
- Attachment of Falx Cerebri