Andean Art
Terms
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- Andean Art
-
-environment affected the art and culture
-different agricultural zones
-duality, substitution, essence, transformation
-verticality
-animals like llaman and sea life - Chavin
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-Northern Highlands, Early Horizon
-a cult that spread
-duality, shamanism transformations, substitution process
-use of shells:strombus and spondylus - Not true about Chavin Art?
- Chavin state established hegemony by a military conquest, seen by the art of the political power of the elite.
- spondylus
- red-colored shell used in Andean area to make objects, traded from Ecuador
- pututo
- trumpet made with a conch shell
- San Pedro Cactus
- cactus with hallucinogenic properties, used by religious specialties
- Horizon
- time period marked by the domination of a single cult or polity over a large territory, by a homogenous culture
- Intermediate Period
- time period marked by a strong cultural diversity over the Andes
- Paracas
-
-Early Horizon, South Coast
-iconogrpahic items on the textiles for mummy bundles - Nasca
-
-Early Intermediate, South Coast
-ceramic vessels
-trophy heads = sacrifice
-musical instruments
-geoglyphs
-desert fertility in art - Geoglyphs
-
-to be seen by the gods
-water irrigation systems
-walked on by ceremonies
-large symbol by pushing away rocks or aligning stones - puquios
- filtration galleries, underground canals that tapped subsurface water to irrigate field
- post-fire resign paint
- brought more colors to nasca ceramics, painting after they were fired
- linear style
- in Paracas textiles, figures made of narrow lines
- block style
- in Paracas textiels, figues made of blocks of color
- Moche
-
-Early Intermediate, North Coast
-1st state, immagery of battles and war
-molds in ceramics
-stone and metal ornaments
-stirrup-spout vessels - huaca
- sacred place, an adobe monumental platform
- quechua
- native language spoken in Peruvian highlands at the time of the Spanish conquest
- adobe
- mud brick
- tumi
- crescent shaped ceremonial knife
- chicha
- beer made with maize
- El-Nino
- recurrent climatic phenomenon occuring in the Southern Pacific and causing torrential rainfall in the Peruvian coastal desert
- Sacrifice Ceremony
- major complex scene of Moche iconography
- Tiwanku
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-middle horizon, titicaca region
-sacred nature of ceremonial core in relation to landscape
-architecture is precise and smooth
-incense burners - kero
- drinking cup
- Staff God
- individual represented frontally, holding one staff in each hand
- Wari
-
-south and central highlands, middle horizon
-took over the tiwanku
-ceramics broken to show off that they didn't need them
-patterns with abstraction
-verticality - Chimu
-
-north coast, late intermediate
-sea-related symbolism
-iconography on adobe friezes
-ciudadelas
-kingdom came from the sea
-human sacrifice
-birds guano was used - Chimu Art
- -sea-life, black ware vessels, featherwork, metal masks, wooden models, inlaid wooden and shell objects, monkey on spout of ceramics, high-status materials used
- ciudadela
- palace, large adobe enclosure with strict access
- audiencia
- u-shaped structure with interior niches, economic activities
- totora
- local reed used to build sea craft
- algarrobo
- hard wood used to carve sculpture
- Inca
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-Andes, late horizon
-mummies were still alive
-strength of stone incorporated with offerings
-road systems and runners
-landscape was used to work around into architecture
-imperial style: no mortar, perfect shapes - Cuzco
- 4 quarters met, center of the world
- mother moon & the sun
- silver and gold
- sapa inca
- king and absolute ruler
- vertical archipelago
- model of andean economics and settlement proposed
- ceque system
- shrines across landscape along symbolic lines
- hanan
- dual units characterizing inca socio-political organization
- ayllus
- basic groups of inca social organization, communities, lineages sharing a land
- mamacuans
- chosen women, to work directly for the empire weaving high status textiles and brewing chicha
- capac hucha
- ceremony involving sacrificing camelids, children, and objects along teh huacas of the ceque system
- mit'a
- labor task
- tambo
- inca state lodging on the road system
- quipo
- mnemonic device made up of a longitudinal cord to which a multi-colored series of knotted cords were tied
- tocapu
- small geometric figures repeated to create large patterns adorning high-status qompis
- qompi
- an Inca tunic
- tupu
- a shawl pin
- ariballo
- flared rim ceramic jar with constricted neck
- puna
- high elevation environmental zone characterized by rolling grasslands, zone for camelid herding
- alpaca
- a camelid closely related to teh llama, producing good quality of wool