CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Terms
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- Prokaryotes Cells
- Cells that have no nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles
- Organelles
- Cell components that perform particular functions
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Cells that contain membrane-bound intracellular organelles, including a nucleus
- Schleiden & Schwann
- these scientists developed the cell theory
- Cell Theory
- All living things are made up of one or more cells, Cells are the basic units of life, All cells come from pre-existing cells
- Mitochondria
- Organelles that make energy available to the cell
- Endocytic Vesicles
- These form when the plasma membrane surrounds a molecule outside the membrane then releases a membrane-bound sack containing the desired molecule into the cytoplasm. This allows the cell to absorb things that cannot pass through the cell membrane.
- Microvilli
- Projections of the cell extending from the cell membrane. They increase surface area available to absirb nutrients
- Cytoskeleton
- Provides structural support to a cell
- Microtubules
- Long, hollow, cylindrical protein filaments, which give structure to a cell.
- Microfilaments
- Double-stranded chains of proteins which assist in giving structure to the cell. Works with Microtubules to form the cytoskeleton
- Centrioles
- Structural component of the cell. Microtubules arranged in a pinwheel shape that actually form new microtubules.
- Ribosomes
- the site of protein synthesis within a cell (Free & Attached)
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- A large organization of folded membranes which is responsible for the delivery of lipids and proteins to the cytoplasm (Rough & Smooth)
- Golgi Apparatus
- This organelle is instrumental in storing, packing, and shipping of proteins to different parts of the cell
- Lysomes
- These organelles digest unused material within the cell
- Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole
- Three plant cell organelles not found in animal cells
- Passive Transport, Active Transport, Facilitated Diffusion
- Three methods through which substances can cross the cell membrane
- Passive Transport
- Method in which substances can pass through the cell membrane without the cell expending any energy
- Active Transport
- Method in which substances can pass through the cell membrane that requires the cell to expending energy
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Method in which substances can pass through the cell membrane that does not require added energy, but cannot occur without the help of specialized proteins
- Endocytosis
- Process whereby large molecules are engulfed in a pocket of cell membrane and absorbed into the cell
- Catalyst
- A substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction
- Enzymes
- These are synthesized at the ribosomes, just like all proteins
- Photolysis
- The light, decomposition reaction of photosynthesis
- CO2 Fixation
- The dark reaction of photosynthesis
- Glycolosis
- the first step of all cellular respiration and occurs in the cytoplasm
- Anaerobic
- Glycolosis is a(n) ⬦⬦⬦⬦reaction
- Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport
- Aerobic respiration begins with glycolosis and proceeds through these two steps⬦
- Krebs Cycle
- This portion of aerobic respiration oocurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and breaks down pyruvic acid molecules into CO2, H+, and 2 ATP molecules
- Fermentation
- Anaerobic respiration is also called⬦.