Anatomy: Coloring Book
Terms
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- Name the four anatomic planes and sections and explain their direction.
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Median: midline, divides body into right and left halves
Sagittal: body into right and left parts
Coronal/Frontal:body into front/back
Transverse/Cross: body into upper and lower halves - Name the twelve systems of the body.
- Integumentary, Muscular, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Immune, Lymphatic, Skeletal/Articular, Respiratory, Reproductive, Endocrine, Digestive, Urinary
- Name the closed body cavities.
- Cranial, Vertebral, Thoracic, Abdominopelvic
- Name the open visceral cavities.
- Respiratory Tract, Digestive Tract, Urinary Tract
- What separates thoracic cavity into right and left halves?
- mediastinum
- Four types of tissue.
- Epithelium, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
- Name the four types of simple epithelium and where it's located.
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Squamous: line heart and blood vessels, air cells, body cavities
Cuboidal: glands, tubules of kidney, terminal bronchioles of lungs, ducts of reproductive tracts
Columnar: gastrointestinal tract- absorption/secretion
Pseudostratified Columnar: line reproductive and respiratory tracts - Name the two stratified epithelium and location.
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Stratified squamous: skin (keratinized), oral cavity, pharynx, vocal folds, esophagus, vagina, anus
Transitional: bladder - Name the two glandular epithelium and location.
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Exocrine: sweat, sebaceous, pancreatic, mammary glands
Endocrine: endocrine glands (thyroid) - Name the four types of fibrous connective tissues and location.
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Loose, areolar c.t. : found deep to epithelial tissues of mucous and serous membranes of hollow organs
Adipose c.t.: superficial fasciae-breast, buttock, anterior ab. wall, arm, thigh, yellow marow, surface of serous membranes
Dense regular c.t.: ligmanets and tendons
Dense Irregular c.t.: joints, envelop muscle tissue, dermis of the skin, encapsulate certain visceral organs - Name the three types of cartilage and location.
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Fibrocartilage: intervertebral disc
Elastic Carilage: ear, epiglottis
Hyaline Cartilage: cevering at bone ends - Bone sheath.
- Periosteum
- A chondrocyte is surrounded by a?
- Lacuna
- Name the phases of cell division.
- Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
- What lines each closed body cavity?
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Cranial: Dura Mater
Vertebral: Dura Mater
Thoracic: Pleura
Abdominopelvic: Peritoneum - How many nuclei do each of the three types of muscle have?
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skeletal- multinucleated
cardiac- one or two centrally located
smooth- multinucleated, centrally located - What are the three types of mucle covered by?
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sacrolemma- skeletal,cardiac
plasmalemma- smooth - Describe the makeup of a sacromere.
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M-line: midline through myosin
Z-line: ends of sacromere
A band: all mysoin
H band: myosin, no actin
I band: all actin - What cells are used to create myelin in PNS and CNS?
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PNS: schwann cells
CNS: oligodendrocytes - What are microglia?
- small scavenger cells of the brain and spinal cord
- The outer layer of somatic structure is?
- skin- epithelial tissue, specifically stratifies squamous epithelial tissue
- Deeper layers of skin, such as bone, ligament, superficial and deep fascia are what type of tissue?
- connective tissue.
- What type of tissue lines the lumen of visceral structures?
- the mucosal lining is epithelial tissue
- What type of muscle is within visceral structure- how many layers?
- smooth muscle, one or two layers
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Thick filament of muscle?
Thin filament of muscle? -
myosin
actin - Name the five layers of the epidermis, starting from the outside.
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Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale - Which layer of the epidermis is sometimes absent, and where is it present?
- Stratum lucidum- present in glaborous (hair-deficient) thick skin
- How do the layers of epithelia receive their nutrition?
- by diffusion
- What is the deepest layer of the epidermis made up of?
- a single layer of mitotic keratinocytes that are columnar or cuboidal epithelia
- A nail is which layer of the epidermis? A nail bed?
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nail- stratum corneum
nail bed- stratum basale and spinosum - The dermis and epidermis are separated by?
- a basement membrane called the epidermal-dermal junction
- What are the layers of the dermis and what are they characterized by?
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papillary layer: characterized by a vascular, loose connective tissue
reticular layer: dense fibrous character - What is a hair shaft composed of?
- layers of keratin surrounded by layers of follicular cells
- What muscle pulls the hair perpendicular to the skin? What kind of muscle is it?
- arrector pili muscle- smooth muscle
- What two glands are located within the dermis?
- sebaceous glands and sweat glands
- What covers the ends of bones?
- articular (hyaline) cartilage
- What are the ends of bones called? The shaft?
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ends: epiphysis
shaft: diaphysis - What type of bone makes up the ends of long bones, the shaft?
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end: cancellous (spongy)
shaft: compact - What is the cavity of the diaphysis called?
- medullary cavity
- What kind of marrow is involved in hematopoiesis?
- Red
- The axial skeleton is composed of? appendicular?
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axial: skull, vertebrae, ribs, hyoid bone
appendicular: pectoral and pelvic girdles, bones of arms, legs, hands, feet - What's another name for joints?
- articulations
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Classification of joints:
immovable: ?
partly movable: ?
freely movable: ? -
synarthroses
amphiarthroses
diarthroses - What are the six types of synovial joints and an example?
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ball and socket: shoulder
hinge: elbow (humeroulnar)
saddle (sellar): base of the thumb
ellipsoidal:wrist (radiocarpal)
pivot: C1 verebra
gliding:inecarpal and intetarsal joints - Give an example of a fibrous joint? cartilaginous joint?
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fibrous: sutures of the skull
carilaginous: intervertebral disc (partially movable) - Name the cranial bones
- Occipital, Temporal, Parietal, Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid
- Name the facial bones.
- 2 Nasal, Vomer, 2 Lacrimal, 2 Zygomatic, 2 Palatine, 2 Maxilla, Mandible, 2 Inferior Nasal Concha
- Name the three sutures seen from the superior view of the skull.
- Coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal
- The place where the spinal cord passes through.
- Foramen magnum, or the great foramen
- TMJ stands for? and is what type of joint?
- temporomandibular joint - synovial joint
- What divides the TMJ into superior and inferior joint spaces? It's made of?
- Articular disc- fibrocartilaginous
- Name the regions of the vertebral column and the number of vertebrae in each.
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Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacral- 1-5 (fused)
Coccygeal -
Thoracic spine disorder?
Lumbar spine disorder? -
kyphosis
lordosis - C1 is also known as the ? allows for what type of movement? C2 is also known as? allows for what type of movement?
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C1: atlas- no movement
C2: axis- yes movement - The vertebral artery passes through what in the cervical spine?
- transverse foramen
- Ribs form what kind of joint with the vertebrae? Which parts of the vertebrae are involved?
- synovial joint, two demifacets on the bodies of adjacent vertebrae and a single facet on the transverse process of the lower vertebra
- The three natural curves of the spine are called?
- cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis
- What are the five ligaments that help hold the vertebrae in place?
- anterior longitudinal lig., posterior longitudinal lig., ligamentum flavum, interspinous lig., supraspinous lig.
- At L1 the spinal cord terminates and the ? begins?
- cauda equina (bundle of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots)
- The sacrum consists of how many fused vertebrae?
- five
- The sacral canal contains what?
- the terminal sac of the dura mater to S2, and the sacral nerve roots
- What does the coccyx consist of?
- 2-4 tiny individual or partly fused vertebrae
- What are the three parts of the sternum, and what are the joints in between?
- manubrium- sternomanubrial joint- body- xiphisternal joint- xyphoid process
- What is the sternum made of?
- cancellous bone containing red marrow
- What type of joints do the ribs make with the sternum? with the thoracic vertebrae?
- both are synovial except the first (sternocostal joints andcostovertebral joints)
- Which ribs join only to one vertebrae?
- 1, 10, 11, 12
- Which ribs are true? which false? which floating?
- 1-7, 8-10, 11-12
- The costochondral joint joins what two things?
- costal cartilage, ribs
- What is the only bony connection of the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton? What type of joint?
- Sternoclavicular joint- saddle type; synovial with articular disc
- What is the joint between the clavicle and scapula? What type of joint is it?
- acromioclavicular joint- AC joint- gliding type synovial with articular disc
- What is the joint between the humerus and scapula? What type of joint is it?
- glenohumeral joint- ball and socket
- What is the spot in which the head of the humerus sits in the scapula?
- glenoid fossa
- What deepens the shallow glenoid fossa?
- glenoid labrum
- The ulna is characterized by a large proximal bone mass called the ?
- olecranon
- What two parts of the humerus and ulna articulate at the humeroulnar joint? What type of joint is it?
- trochlear notch of the ulna, and the trochlea of the humerus- synovial joint; hinge
- The radius and ulna form what joint at the radial notch? Type of joint?
- proximal raioulnar joint, synovial; pivot
- The radius and ulna form what joint at the wrist? Type of joint?
- disal radioulnar joint, synovial; pivot
- The shaft of the ulna forms a movable, fibrous joint ( ? ) with the shaft of the radius by means of what?
- syndesmosis, interosseous membrane
- What parts of the humerus and radius articulate in the radiohumeral joint? What type of joint?
- capitulum of the humerus, radial head- synovial joint; pivot
- Where is a common place for fractures in the radius? What's it called?
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at the waist between the shaft and the flared distal extremity
Colles fracture, smith fracture - Movements of the elbow joint are?
- flexion and extension