health final
Terms
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- polysaturated fats
- fatty acids with many doubles and singles
- health problems likely to occur in the obese
- -cardiovascular problems -sleep apnea -type 2 diabetes
- monosaturated fats
- fatty acids with one double bond and many singles
- hydrostatic weighing technique
- method of determining body fat by measuring the amount of water displaced when a person is completely submerged
- body mass index
- a technique of weight assessment based on the relationship of weight and height
- cerebrovascular accident
- -stroke -the sudden death of some brain cells due to the lack of oxygen when blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain
- eating behavior factors
- -personal preferences -habit -emotional comfort -social interaction
- minimal amount of exercise to reduce heart disease
- -walking -gardening -housework -dancing
- bioelectric impedance
- -hook up your arm and leg to electric device -determines % body fat, body water aka. body composition
- key environmental factors encouraging food overconsumption
- -advertisements -bottle fed infants -women in the workforce -tv, video games, computers
- theories of cancer development
- -smoking -obesity -sun -alcohol
- cigarette smoking - % of cancer deaths
- -87% are lung cancer -30% of all cancer
- # pounds of garbage generated per person per day
- 1 ton per year; total of 220 million
- psychosocial factors contributing to obesity
- -insecurities -needs and wants -unemployment -break up -good behavior
- factors for success in weight loss maintenance
- -exercise -keeping weight control -realistic goals -understanding calories
- components for effective treatment of eating disorders
- -long term therapy -redusing the threat to life -patient needs to be stabilized -depression
- components of physical fitness programs
- -cardiorespiratory fitness -flexibility -muscular strength and endurance -body composition
- risk factors for cancer
- -diet -sedentary lifestyle -consumption of alcohol -cigarettes -stress
- risk factors for breast cancer
- -mother or sister had it -long menstrual cycle -family history -obesity -never having children until after 30(50)
- symptoms of prostate cancer
- -mimic signs of infection -trouble starting to urinate -weak urine flow -pain in lower back and thighs
- symptoms of testicular cancer
- -enlargement of testis -often painless -thickening of tissue
- seven warning signs of cancer
- C-change in bowel A-a sore that does not heal U-unusual bleeding or discharge T-thickening or lump I-indigestion or bad swallowing O-obvious change in wart or mole N-nagging cough or hoarseness
- benefits of regular physical activity
- -helps control weight -builds/maintains healthy bones/joints/muscles -reduces stress -helps immune system
- treatment for fitness injuries
- R-rest I-ice C-compression E-elevation
- how to prevent overuse injuries
- -clothing -footwear -equipment -stretching
- sports drinks
- -sodium -electrolytes -carbohydrates -protein -6% better than water
- controllable risk factors for disease
- -age at time of disease -preexisting level of immunity -nutritional status -personal habits
- food pyramid
- rdas guide to eating
- fats, oils, sweets
- sparingly
- milk, yogurt, cheese
- 2-3
- vegetables
- 3-5
- meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, nuts
- 2-3
- fruit
- 2-4
- bread, cereal, rice, and pasta
- 6-11
- aerobic capacity
- the current functional status of a persons cardiovascular system
- flexibility
- the measure of the range of motion of the amount of movement possible, at a particular joint
- muscular strength
- the amount of force that a muscle is capable of exerting
- muscular endurance
- a muscles ability to exert force repeatidly without fatiguing
- atherosclerosis
- condition characterized by deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, calcium and fibrin, in the inner lining of an artery
- percentage of diet: fat/protein/carbohydrate
- -38% fat -15% protein -22% carbohydrates
- mold exposure
- can cause -allergic reactions -irritation of tissues -infections -toxic effects
- air fresheners
- -add pollutents to deaden your sense of smell -cause irritation to nose and lungs -add more bacteria to the air
- myocardial infarction
- heart attack
- cancer
- large groups of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
- malignant
- very dangerous or harmful; refers to a cancerous tumor
- benign
- harmless; refers to a noncancerous tumor
- exposure to loud noise
- -reduces prductivity -concentration level decreases -attention span decreases -disturbed sleep -headaches
- formeldehyde exposure
- -colorless, strong smelling gas found on -carpets -draperies -furniture -wood paneling can cause -dizziness -fatigue -nausea
- pathogens
- disease causeing agent
- carbon monoxide
- an ordorless, colorless gas that originates primarily from motor vehicle emissions
- ozone
- a gas formed when nitrogen dioxide interacts with hydrogen chloride
- primary sources of indoor air pollution
- sources that release gas and particles -woodstove smoke -furnace -radon -household chemicals
- RDAs
- "recommended dietary allowances" -the average daily intakes of energy and nutrients considered adequate to meet the needs of most healthy people in the US
- HDL
- high density lipoprotein -compounds that facilitate the transport of cholesterol in the blood to the lever for metabolism and elimination from the body
- LDL
- low density lipoproteins -compounds that facilitate the transport of cholesterol in the blood to the bodys cells
- effects of acid rain
- -damages lakes -destroys trees -causes --bronchitis --asthma
- lead poisoning
- found in -paints -batteries -drinking water -pipes affects -circulatory -reproductive -urinary -nervous can cause -birth defects -behavioral abnormalities
- concerns of overpopulation
- the world cannot hold as many people as we are able to produce
- diabetes
- -affects 18 million -2000 each day get infected -pancreas doesnt work properly -symptoms --excessive thirst --frequent urination --hunger --tingly sensation
- dietary modifications of PMS
- -decreasing caffeine and salt intake -practice stress reduction -increase carbohydrates -getting exercise
- fiber
- the indigestible portion of plant foods that moves foot through the digestive system and absorbs water
- calories
- a unit of measure that indicates the amount of energy obtained from a particular food
- hunger
- an inborn physiological response to nutritional needs
- controllable risk factors for heart disease
- -avoid tobacco -cutback on saturated fats -moitor cholesterol levels -change lifestyle -manage stress -exercise
- symptoms of a stroke
- -sudden weakness -sudden dimness -loss of speech -severe headache -unexplained dizziness
- HIV: new cases; methods of transmission
- -5 million new cases world wide in 2002 -transported by body fluids --semen --vaginal secretions --blood
- most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection in US
- chlamydia 800,000 people
- congestive heart failure
- -affects more than 5 million people -dramatically increases the risk of premature death -may be injured by: --rheumatic fever --pheumonia --heart attack
- defence against CVD
- prevent it from developing in the first place
- number one cause of death worldwide
- cardiovascular disease
- source of e.coli infections
- -ground beef that is rare -unpasteurized milk -drinking and swimminf in sewagy water -petting animals
- viruses
- -the smallest pathogens -there are more than 150 ex. --common cold --influenza --mononeuclosis
- behaviors that compromise the immune system
- -unprotected sex -no coat -vaccines