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Physiology 2

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What are the 4 Bases for Ribonucleic Acid? RNA
1) Guanine 2) Adenine 3) Cytosine 4) Uracil RNA job is to get a copy of the dna out of the nucleus
Right and left Hypochondriac Regions
Lateral to the Epigastric Region
Hypogastric (pubic) Region
is located inferior to the umbilical region
Metabolism
All the chemical reactions in the body in order to keep you alive
What are Lysosomes?
Are made by the golgi body and contain digestive enzymes
Name the 3 types of Endocytosis
1 Phagacytosis: arms called pseudopods
2. Pinacytosis: folds into its self called pinacytotic vessel
3. Receptor Mediated Endo.
Umbilical Region
is the centermost region surrounding the umbilicus (navel)
PH Scale
0-14 normal body ranges between 7.34 and 7.45
What does the Mitrochondria do?
It takes the pyruvic acid left after glycolysis and makes more ATP
Name the 5 types of Membranous Organelles
1)Mitrochondria 2)ER 3)Golgi Body 4)Lysosome 5)Peroxisome
Medial
toward or at the midline of the body
Lipids (Fats)
A. Triglyceride
B. Cholesteral-which can not be broken down
What makes up Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
A series of alternating phosphate and deoxribose that have a series of 4 bases attached.
Name the 6 Types of Non-Membranous Organelles
1)Cytoskeleton 2)Centlole 3) Microvilli 4) Cilia 5)Flagellum 6) Free Ribosome
Right and Left Iliac Regions
located lateral to the hypogastric region
Proteins
Are a string of amino acids
What is the enzyme responsible for putting the 2 sides of DNA together?
Polymerase
Describe Glycolysis
2 ATP molecules come from this process. It happens in the citrocell and is anaerobic (no oxygen)
Right and Left Lumbar Region
Lie lateral to the umbilical region
Homeostasis
Equlibrium/Balance in the body
What are Mitrochondria Cytopathies?
When a mitrochondria can not make enough ATP due to misformed proteins/enzymes I.E. Parkinsons disease
Name the 4 types/duties of Intregal Proteins
1. Act as receptors 2. Receptors 3. indentifiers 4. Channels
Proximal
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment
Carbohydrates
starch which then is anabolised into monosachorides
What is a triplet?
It is the 3 base sequence within a gene that tells what amino acid is needed for the enzyme
Define Osmosis
Is a passive process that always involves water. Moves from high concentration to low
Deep (internal)
Away from the body surface
Catabolism
Taking something large and breaking into something smaller. IE. digestive enzymes
What does Rough E.R. do?
It works with the Ribosomes. It modifies the polypeptides and sends it to the golgi body
What makes up a cell membrane?
1. phosophilipids bilayers 2. Cholesteral
3. Proteins
Sagittal Plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Enzymes
made up of amino acids wth the purpose of speeding up chemical reactions with in the cell/body
What does Peroxisome do?
naturally detoxifies the substances created in cell activity mostly converts H2O2
Isotonic Solution:
Equilibrium on both the extra cellular and intercellular solution
Distal
Farther from the origin of a body part
Anabolism
Opposite of catabolism, taking smaller parts and making them into a larger one I.E. Carbohydrate into a glucose
What is Autolysis?
When a cell is damaged beyond repair it release all its lysosomes and it digests itself
Hypertonic Solution
A solution that draws water out of a cell if too much it dies called Crenation
Synovial Cavities
Are joint cavities. They are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surouns freely moving joints
What do acids, bases and salts have in common?
they all dissolve when put into water. That is what makes them what they are.
What is gene?
It is a section on the DNA that tells what protein to make
Describe the Kreb's Cycle
Occurs in the Mitrochondria and we need 02(aerobic)if not enough O2 then pyruviacid 2 ATP from this stage as well
Intermidiate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure I.E. the collar bone
Name the 4 types of Cytoskeleton
1) Microfiliments 2) Thick filiments 3) Intermediate filiments 4)Microtubules
What are the 4 Nitrogenous Bases found in DNA?
1) Ademine 2) Thymine 3) Cytosine 4) Guanine
Describe the Electron Transport
The remaining 34 ATP are created here through various break down of molecules
Frontal Planes
Divide the body into anterior and posterior parts. Also known as the coronal plane
What composes Cytoplasm?
Cytosol (watery substance) and organells
What are the 3 things that can be done with the protein that is made from the Golgi Body?
1) Lysome production 2) Cell membrane ie. Intregal protein 3) Something secreted out of the cell
Define Diffusion
A passive process that involves solutes(disolved particles) move form high/low concentration
Superficial (external)
Toward or at the body surface
Hypotonic Solution
Draws water into the cell. If too much it will burst called Hemolysis
What do Ribosomes Do?
The make polypeptides. Ones that are made by free ribosomes generally stay in the cell
Define Filtration
A passive process which involes a solution that moves form high pressure to low pressure
Anterior (ventral)
toward the front of the body
What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis Kreb's Cycle Electron Transport Chamber
What does Smooth E.R. do?
in the liver it makes chlosteral, in the overies/testies it makes hormones
Name the 2 types of Channel proteins
1 Leak-which allow stuff in or out all the time 2 Gated opens and closes to specific molecules
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
ATP
Adenasine Triphosphate is the main fuel source used by the cell
What is the enzyme responsible for breaking the hydrogen bounds in DNA?
Deoxiribonuclease
Cell Proteins
Some face in/out others are intregal and are both
Superior
Toward the head or upper part of a structure
Define Facilitated Diffusion
The transport protein opens bottom half when correct protein is there and then closes the top
Dorsal Body Cavity
Has 2 parts the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity which protect the nervous system
Define Exocytosis
Process of the cell getting some undesired matter out of the cell by forming a membrane around it and expelling it
Middle Ear Cavities
Lie medial to the eardrums.
Inferior
away from the head end toward the lower part of a structure
Epigastric region
is located superior to the umbilical
Ventral Body Cavity
has 2 parts the Thoracic cavity which is divided into pleural and mediastnum and the abdominopelvic cavity
Oral and Digestive Cavity
Mouth and tongue and digestive organs
Nasal Cavity
Posterior to the nose and is part of the respiratory system
Orbital Cavity
Houses the eyes
Posterior (dorsal)
towards or at the back of the body

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