Physiology 2
Terms
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- What are the 4 Bases for Ribonucleic Acid? RNA
- 1) Guanine 2) Adenine 3) Cytosine 4) Uracil RNA job is to get a copy of the dna out of the nucleus
- Right and left Hypochondriac Regions
- Lateral to the Epigastric Region
- Hypogastric (pubic) Region
- is located inferior to the umbilical region
- Metabolism
- All the chemical reactions in the body in order to keep you alive
- What are Lysosomes?
- Are made by the golgi body and contain digestive enzymes
- Name the 3 types of Endocytosis
-
1 Phagacytosis: arms called pseudopods
2. Pinacytosis: folds into its self called pinacytotic vessel
3. Receptor Mediated Endo. - Umbilical Region
- is the centermost region surrounding the umbilicus (navel)
- PH Scale
- 0-14 normal body ranges between 7.34 and 7.45
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What does the Mitrochondria do?
- It takes the pyruvic acid left after glycolysis and makes more ATP
- Name the 5 types of Membranous Organelles
- 1)Mitrochondria 2)ER 3)Golgi Body 4)Lysosome 5)Peroxisome
- Medial
- toward or at the midline of the body
- Lipids (Fats)
-
A. Triglyceride
B. Cholesteral-which can not be broken down - What makes up Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
- A series of alternating phosphate and deoxribose that have a series of 4 bases attached.
- Name the 6 Types of Non-Membranous Organelles
- 1)Cytoskeleton 2)Centlole 3) Microvilli 4) Cilia 5)Flagellum 6) Free Ribosome
- Right and Left Iliac Regions
- located lateral to the hypogastric region
- Proteins
- Are a string of amino acids
- What is the enzyme responsible for putting the 2 sides of DNA together?
- Polymerase
- Describe Glycolysis
- 2 ATP molecules come from this process. It happens in the citrocell and is anaerobic (no oxygen)
- Right and Left Lumbar Region
- Lie lateral to the umbilical region
- Homeostasis
- Equlibrium/Balance in the body
- What are Mitrochondria Cytopathies?
- When a mitrochondria can not make enough ATP due to misformed proteins/enzymes I.E. Parkinsons disease
- Name the 4 types/duties of Intregal Proteins
- 1. Act as receptors 2. Receptors 3. indentifiers 4. Channels
- Proximal
- closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment
- Carbohydrates
- starch which then is anabolised into monosachorides
- What is a triplet?
- It is the 3 base sequence within a gene that tells what amino acid is needed for the enzyme
- Define Osmosis
- Is a passive process that always involves water. Moves from high concentration to low
- Deep (internal)
- Away from the body surface
- Catabolism
- Taking something large and breaking into something smaller. IE. digestive enzymes
- What does Rough E.R. do?
- It works with the Ribosomes. It modifies the polypeptides and sends it to the golgi body
- What makes up a cell membrane?
-
1. phosophilipids bilayers 2. Cholesteral
3. Proteins - Sagittal Plane
- A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
- Enzymes
- made up of amino acids wth the purpose of speeding up chemical reactions with in the cell/body
- What does Peroxisome do?
- naturally detoxifies the substances created in cell activity mostly converts H2O2
- Isotonic Solution:
- Equilibrium on both the extra cellular and intercellular solution
- Distal
- Farther from the origin of a body part
- Anabolism
- Opposite of catabolism, taking smaller parts and making them into a larger one I.E. Carbohydrate into a glucose
- What is Autolysis?
- When a cell is damaged beyond repair it release all its lysosomes and it digests itself
- Hypertonic Solution
- A solution that draws water out of a cell if too much it dies called Crenation
- Synovial Cavities
- Are joint cavities. They are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surouns freely moving joints
- What do acids, bases and salts have in common?
- they all dissolve when put into water. That is what makes them what they are.
- What is gene?
- It is a section on the DNA that tells what protein to make
- Describe the Kreb's Cycle
- Occurs in the Mitrochondria and we need 02(aerobic)if not enough O2 then pyruviacid 2 ATP from this stage as well
- Intermidiate
- Between a more medial and a more lateral structure I.E. the collar bone
- Name the 4 types of Cytoskeleton
- 1) Microfiliments 2) Thick filiments 3) Intermediate filiments 4)Microtubules
- What are the 4 Nitrogenous Bases found in DNA?
- 1) Ademine 2) Thymine 3) Cytosine 4) Guanine
- Describe the Electron Transport
- The remaining 34 ATP are created here through various break down of molecules
- Frontal Planes
- Divide the body into anterior and posterior parts. Also known as the coronal plane
- What composes Cytoplasm?
- Cytosol (watery substance) and organells
- What are the 3 things that can be done with the protein that is made from the Golgi Body?
- 1) Lysome production 2) Cell membrane ie. Intregal protein 3) Something secreted out of the cell
- Define Diffusion
- A passive process that involves solutes(disolved particles) move form high/low concentration
- Superficial (external)
- Toward or at the body surface
- Hypotonic Solution
- Draws water into the cell. If too much it will burst called Hemolysis
- What do Ribosomes Do?
- The make polypeptides. Ones that are made by free ribosomes generally stay in the cell
- Define Filtration
- A passive process which involes a solution that moves form high pressure to low pressure
- Anterior (ventral)
- toward the front of the body
- What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis Kreb's Cycle Electron Transport Chamber
- What does Smooth E.R. do?
- in the liver it makes chlosteral, in the overies/testies it makes hormones
- Name the 2 types of Channel proteins
- 1 Leak-which allow stuff in or out all the time 2 Gated opens and closes to specific molecules
- Lateral
- Away from the midline of the body
- ATP
- Adenasine Triphosphate is the main fuel source used by the cell
- What is the enzyme responsible for breaking the hydrogen bounds in DNA?
- Deoxiribonuclease
- Cell Proteins
- Some face in/out others are intregal and are both
- Superior
- Toward the head or upper part of a structure
- Define Facilitated Diffusion
- The transport protein opens bottom half when correct protein is there and then closes the top
- Dorsal Body Cavity
- Has 2 parts the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity which protect the nervous system
- Define Exocytosis
- Process of the cell getting some undesired matter out of the cell by forming a membrane around it and expelling it
- Middle Ear Cavities
- Lie medial to the eardrums.
- Inferior
- away from the head end toward the lower part of a structure
- Epigastric region
- is located superior to the umbilical
- Ventral Body Cavity
- has 2 parts the Thoracic cavity which is divided into pleural and mediastnum and the abdominopelvic cavity
- Oral and Digestive Cavity
- Mouth and tongue and digestive organs
- Nasal Cavity
- Posterior to the nose and is part of the respiratory system
- Orbital Cavity
- Houses the eyes
- Posterior (dorsal)
- towards or at the back of the body