xxTerwin: Living Matter
Terms
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- Lipids
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Fatty acids that provide:
Energy storage.
Insulation/padding to vital organs.
Structural component of cell membranes (phospholipids). - Phospholipids
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Structural component of cell membranes. - Saturated Fats
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Animal fats that harden at room temperature. - Unsaturated Fats
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Plant fats/oils that remain liquid at room temp.
Limited ability to pack together tightly. -
Proteins -
Toolbox of cell.
Structural components of cells & organisms (skin, hair, muscles).
Messengers & Receptors.
Defense against disease.
Transport, such as Hemoglobin.
Enzymes. - Enzymes
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Proteins that assist in chemical reactions in cells.
Work with ‘lock-n-key’ fit.
Substrate binds with enzyme at active site.
Binding reorients chemical bonds, increases rate of substrates breaking down or rate of creating new molecules. - Nucleic Acids
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Info machine of cell.
Source of genetic info in chromosomes.
Molecules that dictate amino acid sequence in proteins. - Nucleotides
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Building blocks of Nucleic acids:
1. 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
2. Nitrogenous base.
3. Phosphate group. -
DNA -
Deoxyribonucleic acid forms genes.
Stores info in codes 3 nucleotides long: triplet codons.
Code for amino acids. - Triplet Codons
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In DNA, codes 3 nucleotides long.
CGA=glycine. - DNA Function
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Code proteins in AA sequence.
Shape determines function.
Perfom most chemical reactions that keep cells alive. - RNA
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Ribonucleic acid helps control of cellular chemical activities.
Uracil replaces Thymine.
Ribose replaces deoxyribose. - Prokaryote
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Don’t have a nucleus.
Don’t have membrain-bound organelles. - Eukaryote
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More complex.
Have nucleus.
Plant & animal cells. - Unicellular organisms
- Amoeba, Euglena.
- Cell Theory Part I
- Cells or products made by cells are units of structure & function in organisms.
- Cell Theory Part II
- All cells come from pre-existing cells. Life begets life.
- Cells in Humans
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Humans made of trillions of cells.
Vary in size white blood cell (um) to nerve cell (cm) - Bacteria’ (a prokaryote) Parts
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Flagellum, Cell Wall, Plasma membrane, Nucleoid, Ribosomes. - Animal cell’s (a eukaryote) parts
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Plasma membrane, Microvillus, Microfilament, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondrion, Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lyosome, Robosomes, Centriole, Nucleus.