science vocabulary for final
Terms
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- true breeding
- organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
- hybrid
- offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
- What is the other name for mitosis and meiosis?
-
mitosis-nuclear division
meiosis-reduction division - monohyrbrid cross
- Ab X Ab
- test cross
-
way to determine the genotype of a heterozygate of unknown background
heterozygousXhomozygous recessive - polygenic trait
- trait controlled by two or more genes ex. height
- codominance
-
both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
ex. sickle cell disease - sex-linked traits
-
trait located on the X or Y chromosome
ex. hemophilia - multiple alleles
-
three or more alleles of the same genes
ex. blood type - incomplete dominance
- sitiation in which one allele is not compleletely dominatn over the other ex. carnations
- autosomes
- chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
- Which parent detmerines sex of the offspring?
- father because he has both X and Y chromosme. Female just has X
- diploid
- cell that contains both sets of homologuous chromosomes
- haploid
- cell that contains only a single set of chromomomes
- monohybrid cross
- heterozygous X heterozygous
- dihybrid cross
-
heterozygous heterozygous X heterozgyous heterozygous
ratio is always 9:3:3:1 - Griffith
- transformation occurs
- Hershey and Chase
-
DNA->hereditary info
viruses - Franklin and Wilkins
-
xray crystollography
DNA possibly a double helix - Chargaff
- A=T C=G
- Watson and Crick
- DNA=double helix/ structural model
- Avery, Mohead, Mcurdy
- DNA responsible for transformation
- What is the enzyme required for DNA replication>
- DNA polymerase
- What is the enzyme required for transcription>
- RNA polymerase
- What are four molecules required for translation?
-
ribosome
amino acids, tRNA, mRNA - What is a substitution mutation?
- substitutes one nitrogenous base for another
- What is frameshift mutation>
- changes reading frame of the mRNA
- photosynthesis
- organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbohydrates
- chemosynthesis
- organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
- community
- assemblage of different populations that live in a defiend area
- ecosystem
- collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment
- food chain
- series of stps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
- food web
- network of interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
- transpiration
- loss of water from a plant through its leaves
- evaporation
- process by which water changes from a liquid into an atmospheric gas
- autotroph
- organism cpatures energy from sunlight and uses it to proudce its own food
- primary productivity
- rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecoystem
- energy
- mass
- number pyramids
- shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level
- adapatation
- inherited characterists that increases an organisms chance of survial
- niche
- full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions
- primary succession
- succession occuring on surfaces where no soil exists
- secondary succession
- succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destorying the soil
- mutualism
- symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship
- commensalism
- symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped not harmed