Psyc 220 Exam 2
Terms
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- Limbic system
- system in forebrain; critical for emotion; includes: olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus or CC etc...
- thalamus
- info interpretation in cerebral cortex
- corpus callosum
- large set of axons that connects the two hemispheres of cerebral cortex
- hypothalamus
- damage leads to behavioral abnormalities: drinking, sexual behavior, fighting; releases hormone info to pituitary gland
- pineal gland
- within diencephalon in epithalamus (above); photoreceptor like a third eye that sits on top of the brainstem
- specific sensory nuclei
- delivers info up to a PARTICULAR place in the CC
- specific motor nuclei
- receive info from a PARTICULAR place in the CC about how to move the body
- pituitary gland
- output pathway from the brain to the glands to regulate body hormones (receives info from hypothalamus)
- basal ganglia
- in telencephalon (part of forebrain); controls smooth motor function; 1. caudate nucleus 2. putamen 3.globus pallidus; affects Parkinson's and Huntington's
- hippocampus
- part of forebrain that deals with memory; probably primary/short term memory
- gray matter
- area with high density of cell bodies and dendrites; on top area of CC
- white matter
- where axons are delivering info (right outside of CC)
- cerebral cortex
- all of that bumpy stuff on the outside of brain (what we think of); has 6 layers
- nucleus basalis
- located on dorsal surface of forebrain; receive info from hypothalamus & basal ganglia to send axons release acetylcholine across CC; key role in arousal
- cerebrospinal fluid
- clear fluid similar to blood plasma (CSF) inside the four ventricles
- meninges
- leathery membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal chord
- lateral geniculate nucleus (gen- genue- knee)
- thalamic nucleus that receives incoming visual info
- oral pulvinar
- connections with somatosensory cortical association areas
- medial pulvinar
- widespread connections with cingulate, posterior parietal, and prefrontal cortical areas
- lateral and inferior pulvinar
- part of thalamus with widespread connections with visual cortical association areas
- pulvinar
- the caudal-most nucleus of the thalamus; usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei
- nucleus tractus solitarius
- structure in medulla where nerves from tongue initially arrive
- somatosensory cortex
- part of cerebral cortex ______
- focal hand dystonia
- extreme cortical overlap of finger function/identification
- superior and inferior colliculus
- part of important routes for sensory information; in the midbrain
- lateral inhibition
- reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons; function: sharpens contrast
- stereoscopic vision
- use two eyes' input for vision
- strabismus
- condition in which eyes don't point in the same direction (so don't form stereoscopic depth perception)
- cerebellum
- region of hindbrain that contributes to the control of movement; audio/visual discrepancy
- lamina V
- sends long axons to spinal chord (distant area); thickest in motor cortex
- lamina IV
- receives sensory info from sensory nuclei of the thalamus
- frontal lobe
- lobe that contains primary motor cortex & prefrontal cortex (working memory & integrates info from ALL sensory systems)
- temporal lobe
- lobe that processes most auditory info; left lobe essential for language processing & face recognition; some motivational behavior
- parietal lobe
- contains postcentral gyrus (aka primary somatosensory cortex); touch sensations; eye, head, and body positions
- occipital lobe
- lobe for visual input (has primary visual cortex)
- chemotaxis
- during axogenesis, theory that chemical cues tell the axons where to go
- substrate cues
- in axogenesis, theory that mechanical cues tell axons where they will physically fit
- neurotrophin
- a chemical that promotes survival and activity of neurons (eg. NGF- nerve growth factor)
- apoptosis
- process by which a cell kills itself if it doesn't make an appropriate or timely connection
- fetal alcohol syndrome
- prenatal disease caused by fetus exposure to alcohol; related to attention deficits, hyperactivity, degrees of mental retardation, motor problems, heart defects, and physical facial abnormalities
- ventral stream
- in temporal cortex; what
- dorsal stream
- in parietal cortex; where, how