X201 Technology
Terms
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- backbone
- collection of high speed telecommunications lines connected by high speed computers; made up of fast fiber-optic lines that allow computers to transfer data at high speeds
- bandwidth
- capacity or speed of data transfer
- bits
- amount of information (millions of bits per second mbps)
- digital switch
- connecting each backbone line to another, move traffic
- routers
- switches that decide on which direction to pass traffic
- POP point of presence
- point of access to the network and consists of a switch (computer) that knows how to route traffic to the end users connected to it
- local area network (LAN)
- gateway by which large enterprises connect to the internet
- firewall
- combination of specialized hardware and software that provides protection from users and requests outside the LAN
- hypertext
- different from "normal" text because it doesn't follow a linear path from top to bottom. One can follow items of interest by selecting words or pictures
- ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
- precursor of the internet, research institutions and department or defense used them
- file transfer protocol
- one can either send a file or retrieve one from a remote host
- telnet
- "remote login capacity", allows user to log in to a remote host and perform functions on the remote computer as if it were connected to the host on-site
- HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
- language developed to link documents contextually
- wireless protocols
- bridge the gap between the info available and portable devices (laptops, cell phones)
- internet value network
- various sectors of the internet economy; interrelations create value for end users and customers
- e-commerce companies (amazon.com)
- companies exchange real products for real money through online channels
- m-commerce (mobile commerce)
- e-commerce over wireless channels
- Last Mile providers
- develop, maintain, and provide a physical connection to consumers and small/medium organizations
- application service provider (ASP)
- "app-on-tap", provides a centralized repository for software applications which individuals can "rent"/"borrow" to run on their own computers
- mediating technology (can be C2C,C2B,etc)
- interconnects parties that are interdependent or want to be
- universality of the internet
- internet's ability to both enlarge and shrink the world
- network externalities
- when technology becomes more valuable to users as more people take advantage of it
- Metcalfe's Law
- value of a network increases as the square of the number of people i the network
- replacement effect
- internet is used to serve the same customers served by the old distribution channel w/out bringing in new customers (replacement of travel agencies)
- extension effect
- internet lowers the cost of doing something, sometimes accompanied by replacement effects
- time moderation
- ability to shrink and enlarge time
- info asymmetry shrinker
- solves the problem that exists when one party to a transaction has information that another party does not
- creative destroyer
- internet is a low cost standard printing press, ruined newspaper industry
- Properties of the Internet
- (1) mediating technology (2) universality (3) network externalities (4) distribution channel (5) time moderator (6) info asymmetry shrinker (7) infinite virtual capacity (8) low cost standard (9) creative destroyer (10) transaction cost reducer
- 5-C's
- coordination, commerce, community, content, communication
- tacit knowledge explicit knowledge
- knowledge that may not be possible to verbalize or articulate. knowledge transmitted over the internet
- bounded rationality
- people transacting over internet are human beings, they are limited cognitively
- online transaction processing(OLTP)
- capturing of transaction and event info using technology to process, store and update info
- transaction processing system (TPS)
- basic business system that serves analysts in an organization (ex: payroll)
- online analytical processing (OLAP)
- manipulation of info to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making
- decision support system (DSS)
- models info to support decision making
- executive info systems (eis)
- specialized DSS that supports senior level exectutives (ex. drill down)
- digital dashboards
- integrate info from multiple components and tailor the info to individual preferences
- neural network
- category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works
- fuzzy logic
- mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective info
- genetic algorithm
- mimics the survival or the fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem
- cluster analysis
- technique used to divide an info set into mutually exclusive groups
- association detection
- reveals the degree to which variables are related and the nature and frequency of these relationships in the info
- market basket analysis
- analyzes items on websites and checkout scanner info to detect buying behavior
- bullwhip effect
- occurs when distorted product demand information passes from one entity to the next throughout the supply chain
- middleware
- several different types of software that sit in the middle of an provide connectivity between two or more software applications