General Microbiology
Terms
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- MPN
- Most Probable Number: A way of measuring bacterial growth.
- Phisiological saline
- 0.85
- At specific gravity and 4 degrees C, what is the density of water?
- 1.00
- What is density measured in?
- g/cm^3
- What factors influence bacterial cell growth?
- Nutrients, Temperature, pH, Water availability, Light, Oxygen, Heavy Metals, Antibiotics.
- What produces T-T dimers?
- UV light
- How fast does E.coli in the human gut replicate?
- Every 20 minutes.
- How big is one cell of E.coli?
- 1 micrometer
- What are three major cell components?
-
ATP
Total Protein
Nitrogen (147%) - Which bacteria observed in the lab contain capsules?
- Bacillus and E.coli
- Who is the father of microbiology?
- Antony van Leeuwenhoek
- Who is the father of moderm microbiology?
- Louis Pasteur
- Who named endospores?
- Ferdinand Cohn
- Who studied/discovered endospores?
- John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn
- What is an infusion?
- The broth/media being used in an experiment.
- Galen (150 AD)
-
~ Imbalance between 4 humours caused diseases
~ Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile
~ This is also why leaches were considered as healing techniques. - Girolamo Fracastoro (1546)
- ~ Invisible organisms ("germs") caused disease.
- Agostino Bassi (1835)
- ~ silkworm disease caused by fungus.
- M.J. Berkeley (1845)
- ~ Potato blight in Ireland (1845) caused by fungus.
- Heinrich de Bary (1853)
- ~ smuts and rusts caused cereal crop disease.
- Louis Pasteur (1857)
-
~ Pebrine disease of silkworms caused by microsporan (Nosema bombysis)
~ Revised "Germ theory" of diseases - What was the approximate magnification of van Leeuwenhoek's lenses?
- 300X
- In 1674 when van Leeuwenhoek first observed microorganisms with his crude microscope, what did he call the things he saw?
- Animalcules
- Robert Koch
- Anthrax caused by (Bacillus anthracis) and transmitted by resistant spores.
- Probiotics
- The use of bacteria in products that also help prevent disease.
- PCB
- Polychlorinated biphenyls
- DDT
- Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- What process do bacteria use to replicate/reproduce?
- Binary Fission
- What is a mordant?
- A mordant is a substance that helps a staining substance bond to a bacterial cell. (Gram's Iodine)
- What are the four steps of Gram Staining?
-
1. Primary Stain
2. Mordant
3. Decolorizer
4. Counterstain