neuroscience chem cards
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- What is the origin of the anterior choroidal artery and what does it supply?
- MCA; supplies lateral ventricles, optic tract, basal ganglia (strokes cause Parkinson's on contralateral)
- vincristine?
- chemotherapeutic that interfers w/ MT involved in cell division, also causes tingling
- tau?
- associated with fibrillary tangles
- What molecules (3) do astrocytic end feet produce to glue membranes together?
- Occludin, Claudin, Cadherin
- What is VEGF released by?
- among other things, astrocytes to stim new vessel growth
- What does angiopoietin I do?
- induces tight junction formation
- MCAM?
- during myelin wrapping MCAM family of cell adhesion molecules initiate contact b/t processes and axons
- phospholipid proteins with respect to myelin?
- anchor inside membrane and glue adjacent membranes together
- 4-aminopyridine?
- blocks K channels and lengthens AP by bridging single demyelinated areas
- what is the gene shiver involved in?
- point mutation in MBP almost no myelin (MS implications)
- What are the antagonist to BMP?
- Noggin, Chordin, Follistatin
- What two chemicals are involved in the fusion of neural folds?
- N-cadherin and N-Cam
- The dorsal epidermis establishes what type of gradient?
- BMP
- The notochord produces what type of gradient?
- Shh (high levels at ventral floor)
- What four signals are involved in the A/P axis formation?
- Wnt, BMP, retinoic acid, FGF
- What ECM molecule is involved in migration?
- main one: Reelin
- What are ApoE and VLDL receptors involved in?
- cortical development
- What happens if megalin is knocked out?
- holoprosencephaly- LDL receptor
- tetrodotoxin?
- blocks Na channels
- What is the cause of Charcot-marie tooth disease?
- loss of peripheral axons due to demyelination
- penicillin?
- in high doses blocks GABA receptors
- MAM?
- methylasomethanol- causes neuromigratory problems (heterotopias- Kv4.2)
- tetraethylammonium?
- K channel blocker
- RCK loop?
- regulatory domain involved in K conductance also has neg. charged aa.
- what channel has constitutively bound calmodulin?
- SK
- neostigmine?
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
- a-bungarotoxin?
- irreversibly binds antibody in MG against AchR (nicotinic)
- curare?
- blocks nicotinic AchR
- synaptotagmin?
- Ca sensor for fusion of vesicles
- What are the Small MW NT (4 groups)?
-
1.Ach
2.A.A.- Glutamate, GABA, glycine
3.Nucleotides- ATP and adenosine
4.Biogenic amines- catecholamines:Dop, Epi, NE
Indoleamines: 5-HT, His - What are the neuropeptides?
-
1.Hypothalamic-somatostatin, ADH
2.Opiates- B-endorphins and enkephalins
3. Gut-Brain: Neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin
4. Nerve growth factor: NGF and BDNF - Both Ionotrophic and Metabotropic?
-
1. Glutamate
2. Ach
3. GABA
4. 5-HT - Just ionotropic?
- Glycine
- Just metabotropic?
-
1. Dop
2. NE
3. all neuropeptides
4. Sensory receptors (vision, olfaction, taste, etc) - strychnine?
- glycine antagonist
- What is the cause of stiff/ startle baby?
- mutated a1 of Glycine
- GABA agonist?
- benzodiazepines, barbituates, alcohol
- GABA antagonist?
- Bicuculline
- ketamine and PCP?
- NMDA antagonist
- amphetamines with respect to both Dop and NE?
- run dopamine transporters in reverse and cause NE release
- Ritalin?
- blocks both dopamine and NE transport
- MDMA?
- ectasy, serotonin
- what are endorphins, opium, and morphine agonist of?
- Histamine and opiates
- caffiene?
- antagonist of adenosine receptors