bio lecture 24
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- After witnessing the inhuman treatment of the mentally ill, _____________, a school teacher, was instrumental in lobbying congress to construct federal and state mental hospitals.
- Dorothea Dix
- ______________ therapy, where an electrical current is passed through the brain and acts as a reset mechanism, is still used today to treat mental patients who fail to respond to all other treatments.
- electoconvulsion
- In the 1950’s, _________________ therapy was used to induce a hypoglycemic state ultimately causing damage to the brain, resulting in behavioral modification.
- insulin shock
- Mental illnesses are quite diverse, however the basic pathological mechanism is the same, where _______________ become unable to communicate with each other.
- neurons
- ______________ is a type of mental illness where the patient suffers from severe mood swings of extreme highs and extrerme lows.
- manic depression
- _______________ has become a last resort for treating people with severe depression.
- ECT or electroconvulsion therapy
- During a manic depression low episode, the production of _______________ is deficient.
- serotonin
- _______________ , a class of drugs, were developed to prevent the removal of serotonin in the synapse.
- SSRIs
- Prozac is an SSRI that is used to treat depression, by preventing the removal of serotonin from the synapse, in turn _____________the concentration of serotonin in the brain.
- increasing
- Manic depression has a ______________ basis, where often times many family members will suffer from this disorder.
- genetic
- In the early 1900’s Dr. _________________ observed that some of his patients had progressive memory loss before their deaths. For his research into this phenomenon the disorder was accordingly named after him.
- Alzheimer
- Dr. Alzheimer hypothesized that mental illness had a _____________ cause, which was contrary to the prevailing psychiatric theories that mental illness was purely_____________.
- physical; psychological
- Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by _______________ loss, which is attributed to cell death in the brain.
- memory
- ____________ Alzheimer’s disease has been linked to a mutation of the APP gene on chromosome 21, where symptoms will usually start to occur before the age of 50.
- early onset
- The brains of Alzheimer’s patients have characteristic _______________ plaques and _____________, which will prevent neural transmission and eventually cause cell death.
- amyloid, protein fibrils