biochapt12
Terms
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- Transformation
- A process of which one bacteria is changed into another (disease causing strain)
- Bacteriophage
- it is a virus that infects and kills bacteria
- Nucleotide
- it is what makes up DNA, consists of 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- Base pairing
- principle bonds in DNA that can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
- Chromatin
- granular material visible within the nucleus, consists of DNA coiled around proteins.
- Histone
- It is a globular protein molecule around which DNA is coiled around chromatin.
- Replication
- it is a process of which a cell duplicates DNA
- Ribosomal RNA
- type of RNA that makes up major part of ribosomes
- DNA Polymerase
- It is an enzyme that proofreads new DNA strands, ensuring that each molecule is a near perfect copy of the original.
- Messenger RNA
- RNA molecule that carries instructions for assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.
- Transfer RNA
- type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
- Transcription
- process in which one strain of bacteeria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
- RNA polymerase
- enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and seperates the DNA during transcription
- Promoter
- region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make DNA
- Intron
- intervening sequence of DNA, does not code for a protein
- Exon
- expressed sequence of DNA, codes for a protein
- Codon
- three nucleotide sequencee on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.
- Translation
- Process of which mRNA is decoded into a polypeptide chain
- anticodon
- group of three bases on a tRNA molecule taht are complementary to an mRNA codon
- Mutation
- changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic info
- Point mutation
- mutations that effect one nucleotide
- Frameshift mutations
- inserting an extra nucleotide to cause mutation
- operon
- a group of genes that operate together
- operator
- region of chromosomes in operon that repressor binds when the operon is turned off
- hox genes
- control organs and tissues that develop in various parts of the embryo