A&P 121 A
Terms
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copy deck
- DNA Polymerase
- The enzyme that attaches the nucleotide bases together.
- Ionic Bond
- When atoms steal electrons or give up electrons.
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Modifies protein to be shipped out of the cell. Folding.
- Elements
- The fundamental substances that make up all matter.
- Why do atoms come together?
- To fill their valence shell.
- Codon
- The 3 bases on mRNA that are the pattern for 1 amino acid.
- Carbohydrates
-
Sugars and Starches
Base unit - Saccharide
Bond - Glycosidic bonds - Lysosomes
-
Highly acidic.
Dissolves amino acids.
Breaks down debris. - Homeostasis
-
Condition in which the body's internal environment remains within certain set physiological parameters.
Equilibrium. Controlled by feedback loops. - Facilitated Diffusion
-
Moves things from high to low concentration
No energy required.
Uses protein carrier molecules. - 3 Components of a Feedback Loop
-
Receptor
Control center
Effector - Anatomy
- Form and structure of body parts
- Nonpolar molecules
- Balanced molecules. Do not dissolve in water.
- Simple Diffusion
-
Moves things from high to low concentration.
No energy required. - Leading Strand and Lagging Strand
- The leading strand is copied from one end to another, the lagging strand is copied in small chunks.
- What is mRNA?
- Makes a copy of the gene.
- Name of 3 part of Central Dogma
-
Replication
Transcription
Translation - Life processes
-
Make a living thing living.
Respond, Reproduce, Metabolism, Movement, Growth, Differentiation - Polar Molecules
- Unbalanced molecules. Will dissolve in water.
- Catabolism
-
Breaking down of big molecules into small ones.
Gives off energy. - Physiology
- How body parts function
- Lipids
-
Fats
Base unit - Fatty Acid Chain
Bond - none - Matter
- Anything that has weight and takes up space.
- Semiconservative
- In DNA replication, the chromosomes that go to each new cell have one parent and one child chromosome.
- Active Transport
-
Requires Energy
Particles move form low concentration to high concentration. - Nucleus
- Brain of the cell, has DNA
- Cellular Respiration
-
The making of ATP.
Uses oxygen. - Hypertonic
- The solution has a higher concentration of salt outside the cell than inside the cell.
- Osmosis
-
Water is moved by this.
Moves from high concentration of water to low concentration of water. - Covalent Bond
- When atoms share one or more electrons.
- Proteins
-
Workhorse of the cell
Base Unit - Amino Acid
Bond - Peptide Bond - Base unit of DNA and RNA
- Nucleotides
- Metabolism
- Sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body.
-
Enzymes
4 things -
Special Proteins
Name ends in ASE
Lowers the activation energy
Base unit - amino acid - Name 3 differences between RNA and DNA
-
RNA can be a single strand
RNA has one less oxygen
RNA has uracil instead of thymine - Nucleotides are made of 3 things...
-
a 5 Carbon Sugar
a Phosphate Group
a Nitrogenous Base - Okasaki Fragments
- The small segments that are copied on the lagging strand of DNA.
- Anabolism
- Build up big molecules from small ones. Requires energy.
- Isotonic
- The concentration is equal inside and outside the cell.
- Atom
- The smallest complete unit of an element.
- What is Transcription
- When the mRNA gets a copy of the gene.
- What is Translation?
- The making of a protein from the copy.
- What is rRNA?
- It makes up the Ribosomes.
- What is Replication
- The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself in preparation for cell division.
- What is tRNA?
- Brings complimentary amino acids to the A site.
- Name 4 types of nitrogenous bases on DNA
-
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine - Hypotonic
- The solution has a lower concentration of salt outside the cell than inside the cell.
- Helicase
- Opens up strands of DNA by breaking the H bonds temporarily.
- Crenation
- When a cell shrinks due to losing water.
- Hypertrophy
- When a cell expands or bursts because of water coming into the cell.
- Phospholipid Bilayer
- The cell membrane that acts like a screen.
- DNA Ligase
- The enzyme that joins the Okasaki fragments together.
- Selectively permeable membrane allows:
-
water
co2
oxygen
small lilpid soluble molecules. - Glycolysis
- First step in making ATP
- Selectively permeable membrane doesn't allow:
-
Large things
Charged particles
Anything water soluble