Biology-Chapter 8 Definitions
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- factor in the environment that can cause mutatinos in DNA
- mutagen
- a change that occurs in only one nucleotide
- point mutation
- section of DNA that serves as the binding site for the enzyme RNA polymerase
- promoter
- gene that causes a cell to become cancerous
- oncogene
- part of a chromosome breaks off, turns around, and reattaches in the reverse order
- inversion
- process by which an prganism's genotype (genetic makeup) is translated into its phenotype (the traits)
-
protein synthesis
- single stranded nucleic acid that is involved in protein synthesis
- RNA
- three-base section of mRNA
- codon
- chromosome part breaks off and attaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome
- translocation
- process by which the "language" of nucleic acids (bases) is changed into the "language" of proteins (amino acids)
- translation
- when a chromosome breaks and a piece of the chromosome is lost
- deletion
- random change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA
- mutation
- a sequence of three bases found on tRNA
- anticodon
- the first stage where the genetic information from a strand of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
- transcription
- protein that binds to DNA, turning off the genes that code for the digestive enzymes
- repressor
- when part of a chromosome breaks off and is incorperated into its homologous chromosome
- duplication
- noncoding regions of DNA or RNA
- introns
- agent that causes or tends to cause cancer
- carcinogen
- deletion of addition of nucleotides that disrupts codons
- frameshift mutation
- sections of DNA or RNA that do not contain codes for proteins
- exons