CCNA Part 2 Chapter 1
Terms
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- A data communications network that spans a large geographic area such as a state, province, or country
- WAN
- These use the services of carriers such as the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), Sprint, MCI, and VPM Internet Services, Inc. to establish the link or connection between sites.
-
WAN
WANs - Network that connects workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single building.
-
LAN
LANs - A WAN operates at the ______ layer and the ______ layer of the OSI reference model.
-
physical
data link - ______ provide for the exchange of data packets and frames between routers and switches and the LANs they support.
- WANs
- ______ offer many services, including internetworking and WAN interface ports.
- Routers
- ______ include interface voice-grade services, channel service units/digital service units (CSU/DSUs) that interface T1/E1 services, and Terminal Adapters/Network Termination 1 (TA/NT1s) that interface Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) services.
- Modems
- CSU stands for ______.
- channel service units
- DSU stands for ______.
- digital service units
- The agency ISO is the __________.
- International Organization for Standardization
- The IETF is the __________.
- Internet Engineering Task Force
- The EIA is the __________.
- Electronic Industries Association
- A user device where the interface connects to the WAN link
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Data Terminal Equipment
DTE - Data circuit terminating equipment end at the WAN providers side of the communications facility.
-
DCE
Data Circuit Terminating Equipment - These connect and allow communication between two networks and determine the best path for data to travel through the connected networks.
- routers
- Just as computers need operating systems to run software applications, routers need the ______ software to run configuration files.
- Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
- _______ files contain the instructions and parameters that control the flow of traffic in and out of the routers.
- IOS configuration files
- The ______ file specifies all the information for the correct setup and use of the selected, or enabled, routing and routed protocols on a router.
- configuration
- Routers use ______ to determine the best path for packets.
- routing protocols
- What is NVRAM?
- nonvolatile random-access memory
- This type of memory stores routing tables
- RAM
- This type of memory holds ARP cache
- RAM
- This type of memory holds fast-switching cache, performs packet buffering as shared RAM and maintains packet-hold queues
- RAM
- This type of memory provides temporary memory for the configuration file of a router while the router is powered on
- RAM
- This type of memory loses content when a router is powered down or restarted
- RAM
- This type of memory provides storage for the startup configuration file
- NVRAM
- This type of memory retains content when a router is powered down or restarted
- NVRAM
- This type of memory allows software to be updated without removing and replacing chips on the processor
- flash
- This type of memory retains content when a router is powered down or restarted and can store multiple versions of IOS software
- flash
- This type of memory holds the IOS image and is a type of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
- flash
- This type of memory maintains instructions for power-on self test (POST) diagnostics
- ROM
- This type of memory stores bootstrap program and basic operating system software
- ROM
- This type of memory requires replacing pluggable chips on the motherboard for software upgrades
- ROM
- These connect routers to a network for packet entry and exit and can be on the motherboard or on a separate module
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interfaces
interface devices - ______ can be used to segment LANs, but they are mainly used as WAN devices.
- Routers
- _____ use WAN connections to communicate with each other.
- Routers
- ______ are the backbone devices of large intranets and of the Internet.
- Routers
- Routers operate at Layer ______ of the OSI model, making decisions based on network addresses.
-
3
network layer - The two main functions of a ______ are to select the best path for packets and to route packets to the proper interface.
- router
- An administrator can configure ______ routes to maintain routing tables
- static
- Most routing tables are maintained dynamically through the use of a ______ that exchanges network topology information with other routers.
- routing protocol
- True or False: A correctly configured internetwork provides consistent end-to-end addressing.
- true
- The standards and protocols or primary functions of a WAN operate at the ______ layer and at the ______ layer.
-
physical
data link
(layers 1 and 2) - True or False: The Layer 1 and Layer 2 WAN standards and protocols are the same as the Layer 1 and Layer 2 LAN standards and protocols.
- false
- Generally, the ______ is the service provider and the DTE is the attached device.
- DCE
- The main function of a router is to transmit data using Layer ______ addresses.
-
3
(network layer) - True or False: The main role of a router in a WAN is not to route.
- true
- True or false: The main role of a router in a WAN is to provide connections between the various WAN physical and data-link standards.
- true
- True or False: The main role of a router in a WAN is to route.
- false
- EIA/TIA-232 is a ______ layer standard.
- physical
- xDSL is a ______ layer standard.
- physical
- SONET (OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, OC-192) is a ______ layer standard.
- physical
- EIA-530 is a ______ layer standard.
- physical
- G.703 is a ______ layer standard.
- physical
- V.35 is a ______ layer standard.
- physical
- ISDN is a ______ layer standard.
- physical
- High-level data link control (HDLC) is a ______ layer standard.
- data link
- Frame Relay is a ______ layer standard.
- data link
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a ______ layer standard.
- data link
- Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) is a ______ layer standard.
- data link
- Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) is a ______ layer standard.
- data link
- X.25 is a ______ layer standard.
- data link
- ATM is a ______ layer standard.
- data link
- LAPB is a ______ layer standard.
- data link
- LAPF is a ______ layer standard.
- data link
- The _____ of a router executes instructions in the operating system.
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- True or false: Large routers may have multiple CPUs.
- true
- True or false: A router can have but one CPU.
- false
- In most routers the ______ provides run time space for executable Cisco IOS software and its subsystems.
- RAM
- ______ is usually logically divided into main processor memory and shared input/output (I/O) memory.
- RAM
- Shared I/O memory is shared among ______ for temporary storage of packets.
- interfaces
- Shared I/O memory is shared among interfaces for temporary storage of ______.
- packets
- RAM is generally dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and can be upgraded with the addition of ______.
- dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs)
- RAM is generally ______ random-access memory (DRAM) and can be upgraded with the addition of dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs).
- dynamic
- RAM is generally dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and can be upgraded with the addition of ______(DIMMs).
- dual in-line memory modules
- In most routers an executable copy of the ______ is transferred to RAM during the boot process.
- IOS
- A flash single in-line memory module is known commonly as a ______.
- SIMM
- This type of memory is used to store the startup configuration.
- NVRAM
- The ______ is used to communicate between the CPU and the interfaces or expansion slots.
- system bus
- The system ______ is used to communicate between the CPU and the interfaces or expansion slots.
- bus
- ROM is used to permanently store the startup diagnostic code, which is called the ________.
- ROM monitor
- Some routers also have a scaled down version of the ______ on ROM that can be used as an alternative boot source.
- IOS
- The main tasks for ______ are hardware diagnostics during router bootup and loading the Cisco IOS software from flash to RAM.
- ROM
- The main tasks for ROM are ______ diagnostics during router bootup and loading the Cisco IOS software from flash to RAM.
- hardware
- The main tasks for ROM are hardware diagnostics during router bootup and loading the Cisco IOS software from ______ to RAM.
-
flash
flash memory - The main tasks for ROM are hardware diagnostics during router bootup and loading the Cisco IOS software from flash to ______.
- RAM
- The ______ are the router connections to the outside.
- interfaces
- The three types of router interfaces are _____, WANs, and console or auxiliary (AUX).
- LANs
- The three types of router interfaces are LANs, WANs, and ______ or auxiliary (AUX).
- console
- The three types of router interfaces are LANs, WANs, and console or ______.
- auxiliary (AUX)
- The three types of ______ interfaces are LANs, WANs, and console or auxiliary (AUX).
- router
- The LAN interfaces have controller ______ that provide the logic for connecting the system to the media and may be a fixed configuration or modular.
- chips
- The LAN ______ have controller chips that provide the logic for connecting the system to the media and may be a fixed configuration or modular.
- interfaces
- The WAN interfaces include ______, ISDN, and integrated CSUs.
- serial
- The WAN interfaces include serial, ISDN, and integrated ______.
- CSUs
- The console and AUX ports are ______ ports that are used primarily for the initial configuration of a router.
- serial
- The ______ and AUX ports are serial ports that are used primarily for the initial configuration of a router.
- console
- The console and AUX ports are serial ports that are used primarily for the initial ______ of a router.
- configuration
- The console and ______ ports are serial ports that are used primarily for the initial configuration of a router.
- AUX
- True or False: A router's power supply is always external.
- false
- The three basic types of connections on a router, are LAN interfaces, WAN interfaces, and ______.
- management ports
- The three basic types of connections on a router, are LAN interfaces, ______ , and management ports
- WAN interfaces
- LAN interfaces allow routers to connect to the LAN media which is usually some form of ______ .
- Ethernet
- The LAN and WAN connections provide ______ connections through which packets are forwarded.
- network
- The LAN and WAN connections provide network connections through which ______ are forwarded.
- packets
- The ______ port provides a text-based connection for the configuration and troubleshooting of the router.
- management
- The ___________ provides a text-based connection for the configuration and troubleshooting of the router.
- management port
- The management port provides a ______ connection for the configuration and troubleshooting of the router.
- text-based
- The common management interfaces are the ______ and auxiliary ports.
- console
- The common management interfaces are the console and ______ ports.
- auxiliary
- True or False: All routers have an auxilliary port.
- false
- True or false: Asynchronous serial ports are not designed as networking ports.
- false
- True or false: Console and auxiliary (AUX) ports are asynchronous serial ports
- true
- True or false: Console and auxiliary (AUX) ports are synchronous serial ports
- false
- Console and auxiliary (AUX) ports are asynchronous ______ ports
- serial
- When the router is first put into service, there are no ______ parameters configured. Therefore the router cannot communicate with any network.
- networking
- After the initial ______ is entered into the router through the console or auxiliary port, the router can be connected to the network to troubleshoot or monitor it.
- configuration
- After the initial configuration is entered into the router through the ______ or ______ port, the router can be connected to the network to troubleshoot or monitor it.
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console
auxiliary - The console port displays router startup, ______, and error messages by default.
- debugging
- The console port displays ______ , debugging, and error messages by default.
- router startup
- The console port displays router startup, debugging, and ______ by default.
- error messages
- A ______ cable and an RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter are used to connect a PC to the console port.
- rollover
- A rollover cable and an ______ to DB-9 adapter are used to connect a PC to the console port.
- RJ-45
- A rollover cable and an RJ-45 to ______ adapter are used to connect a PC to the console port.
- DB-9
- A rollover cable and an RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter are used to connect a ______ to the console port.
- PC
- A rollover cable and an RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter are used to connect a PC to the _________.
- console port
- To connect to a console port, the PC or terminal must support ______ terminal emulation.
- VT100
- To connect to a ______ port, the PC or terminal must support VT100 terminal emulation.
- console
- To connect to a console port, the PC or terminal must support VT100 ______ emulation.
- terminal
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The following is the first step to connect a PC to a router:
Configure terminal emulation software on the PC for the following:
The appropriate COM port
9600 baud
______ data bits
No parity
1 stop bit
No flo - 8
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The following is the first step to connect a PC to a router:
Configure terminal emulation software on the PC for the following:
The appropriate COM port
9600 baud
8 data bits
No parity
______ stop bits
No flo - 1
-
The following is the first step to connect a PC to a router:
Configure terminal emulation software on the PC for the following:
The appropriate COM port
______ baud
8 data bits
No parity
1 stop bit
No flow c - 9600
-
The following are steps to connect a PC to a router:
Configure terminal emulation software
Connect the RJ-45 connector of the rollover cable to the router console port.
Connect the other end of the rollover cable to the RJ-45 to DB - DB-9
-
The following are steps to connect a PC to a router:
Configure terminal emulation software
Connect the RJ-45 connector of the rollover cable to the router console port.
Connect the other end of the rollover cable to the ______ to D - RJ-45
-
The following are steps to connect a PC to a router:
Configure terminal emulation software
Connect the RJ-45 connector of the ______ cable to the router console port.
Connect the other end of the rollover cable to the RJ-45 to DB-9 - rollover
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This page will teach students how to connect LAN interfaces.
A router is usually connected to a LAN through an ______ or Fast Ethernet interface. - Ethernet
- The router is a ______ that communicates with the LAN through a hub or a switch.
- host
- The router is a host that communicates with the LAN through a ______ or a switch.
- hub
- The router is a host that communicates with the LAN through a hub or a ______.
- switch
- The router is a host that communicates with the LAN through a hub or a switch using a ______ cable.
- straight-through
- The router is a host that communicates with the LAN through a hub or a switch using a straight-through cable and generally requires ______ , or better, unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable
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Category 5
Cat5 - If the Ethernet connection of the router is connected directly to the computer or to another router a ______ cable is required.
- crossover
- Ethernet, ______, console, AUX, integrated CSU/DSU, and Token Ring interfaces use the same eight-pin connector, which is RJ-45
- ISDN BRI
- Ethernet, ISDN BRI, console, ______, integrated CSU/DSU, and Token Ring interfaces use the same eight-pin connector, which is RJ-45
- AUX
- Ethernet, ISDN BRI, console, AUX, integrated CSU/DSU, and Token Ring interfaces use the same ______ pin connector, which is RJ-45
-
eight
8 - In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, yellow would indicate _________.
- ethernet
- In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, light green would indicate _________.
- T1 or E1 network
- In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, black would indicate _________.
- modem
- In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, orange would indicate _________.
- ISDN network
- In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, light blue would indicate _________.
- computer COM port
- In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, yellow would indicate an ethernet hub or switch and would use a _______ cable
- straight through
- In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, light blue would indicate a computer COM port and would use a _______ cable.
- rollover
- In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, black would indicate a modem and would use a _______ cable.
- rollover
- In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, orange would indicate an ISDN network and would use a _______ cable.
- RJ-49
- In Cisco's color code scheme to help distinguish the connections that are used on a router, purple would indicate a token ring device and would use a _______ cable.
- RJ-45 token ring
- For each type of WAN service, the customer premises equipment (CPE), which is often a router, is the ______.
- DTE
- For each type of WAN service, the customer premises equipment (CPE), which is often a ______, is the DTE.
- router
- For each type of WAN service, the customer premises equipment (CPE), which is often a router, is the DTE. This is connected to the service provider through a ______ device, which is commonly a modem or CSU/DSU.
- DCE
- For each type of WAN service, the customer premises equipment (CPE), which is often a router, is the DTE. This is connected to the service provider through a DCE device, which is commonly a ______ or CSU/DSU.
- modem
- Probably the most commonly used router interfaces for WAN services are ______ interfaces.
- serial
- The key difference between a DTE device and DCE device is that the ______ device provides the clock signal for the communications on the bus.
- DCE