Cranial Cavity
Terms
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- what are the three fossae of the cranial cavity?
- anterior, middle, posterior
- what is the anterior cranial fossa composed of?
-
orbital plate of frontal bone
cribiform plate and crista galli of the ethmoid bone
jugum and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone - what is the middle cranial fossa composed of?
-
greater wing and body of the sphenoid bone
squamous and petrous portions of the temporal bone -
optic canal
- traverses which bone?
- transmits what? -
through the sphenoid bone (in middle cranial fossa)
transmits the optic N (CN II) and the ophthalmic A -
superior orbital fissure
- located where?
- transmits what? -
large opening b/t the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone (in middle cranial fossa)
VERY IMPORTANT since it . . .
transmits:
Occulomotor N (III)
Trochlear N (IV)
Ophthalmic div of V (V1)
Abducens (VI)
Ophthalmic vein *** -
foramen rotundum
- located where?
- transmits what? -
in the greater wing of the sphenoid (in middle cranial fossa)
transmits V2 (maxillary N) -
foramen ovale
- located where?
- transmits what? -
in greater wing of the sphenoid (in middle cranial fossa)
transmits V3 (mandibular N), accessory meningeal artery, and sometimes the lesser petrosal N -
foramen spinosum
- located where?
- transmits what? -
in the greater wing of the sphenoid (in the middle cranial cavity)
transmits the middle meningeal A -
carotid canal
- located where?
- transmits what? -
in the petrous temporal bone (of cranial cavity)
internal carotid artery, deep petrosal N -
hiatus of the facial canal
- located where?
- transmits what? -
petrous temporal bone
greater petrosal N (a bunch of CN VII, the facial N) - what two bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
- the posterior portion of the petrous temporal bone & the occipital bone
-
internal acoustic meatus
- located where?
- transmits what? -
in the petrous temporal bone
transmits the facial nerve (VII) and the vestibulocochlear (VIII) -
jugular foramen
- transmits what? - internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal N (IX), vagus N (X), and accessory N (XI)
-
hypoglossal foramen (canal)
- found where?
- transmits what? -
found superior to the occipital condyles
transmits the hypoglossal N (XII) - what are the two layers of the dura mater?
-
the outermost is continuous with the periosteum of the inner aspect of the calvaria of the skull
inner layer is continuous with the coverings of the spinal cord and cranial nerves - falx cerebri
- large sickle shaped projection of the dura between the cerebral hemispheres found within the intrahemispheric sulcus
- falx cerebelli
- much attenuated invagination of the dura between the cerebellar hemispheres
- tentorium cerebelli
-
covers the cerebellum from above
a dural reflection attached to the superior margin of the petrous temporal bone, has free medial borders which permit the passage of the brain stem - diaphragma sellae
- covers the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, and has a midline opening which allows the stalk of the pituitary gland to suspend the gland into its resting position on the hypophyseal fossa
- what two structures come together to form the straight sinus?
- inferior sagittal sinus & the great cerebral vein (Galen)
- what is the main blood supply to the anterior cranial fossa?
- anterior meningeal artery
- which arteries supply the middle cranial fossa?
- supplied via the middle and accessory meningeal arteries (branches of the maxillary artery)
- what artery passes through the foramen spinosum?
- the middle meningeal artery
- what arteries supply the posterior cranial fossa?
-
posterior meningeal arteries
- are various branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery and the occipital artery, both branches of the external carotid, and the vertebral artery - arachnoid
- thin filamentous layer containing a fluid filled space beneath it, the subarachnoid space
- CSF produced by?
- choroid plexus found within the ventricles of the brain
- arachnoid granulations (villi)
- cauliflower-like projections of arachnoid that reabsorb CSF into the venous blood
- pia mater
- thin, delicate most intimate covering of the brain, tightly adheres to the brain surface, following the sulci and gyri of the hemispheres