Law Quiz on Supreme Court Cases
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- Marbury v Madison
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-power of supreme court to rule on actions of executive and legislative branches of government
**judicial review** - McCulloch v Maryland
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-affirms "implied powers" of Congress
*necessary and proper clause* - Fletcher v Peck
- -first time supreme court ruled on constitutionality of state laws
- Cohen v Virginia
- -first time supreme court ruled on proceedings of a state court decision
- Baker v Carr
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-states must reapportion legislative districts upon a formula based on polulation and not territory
**one man one vote** - The Civil Rights Cases
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-private groups and businesses could deny services to individuals because of their race
*The 14th amendment applied only to state governments - Plessy v Ferguson
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-affirms constitutionality of segregation
**separate but equal** - Brown v Board of Ed.
- -declares segregation unconstitutional
- Heart of Atlanta Motel v U.S.
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-declared that racial discrimination violated the civil rights guarantees in the 14th amendment
*due process* *equal protection* clauses - University of California v Bakke
- -racial quotas could not be set for minority applicants if whites were denied the chance to compete
- Bradwell v Illinois
- -upheld decision to deny woman right to practice law because of her gender
- Minor v Happersett
- -overturned a law that gave women the right to vote
- Roe v Wade
- -affirms right of women to have an abortion
- Reynolds v U.S.
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-ruled that laws making bigamy illegal were constitutional
*state laws were superior to church beliefs and practices - Tinker v DesMoines
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-public school did not have the right to stop students from wearing arm bands to protest the war
**freedom of expression** - New Jersy v T.L.O.
- -public school officials have the right to expand searches in order to provide a safe environment
- Hazelwood v Kuhlmeire
- -affirms the right of a public school to stop the publication of material in a school based newspaper if it is believed to jeopardize the school's learning environment
- Engel v Vitale
- -state-sanctioned prayer in schools is unconstitutional
- Wallace v Jaffree
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-struck down a mandatory moment-of-silence statute
*establishment* clause - New Jersey v T.L.O.
- -public school officials have the right to expand searches in order to provide a safe environment
- Schenk v U.S.
- -1st amendment guarantee of free speech is not absolute
- Texas v Johnson
- -flag burning is constitutional under 1st amendment freedom of speech
- Miller v California
- -establishes a formula for states to regulate obscene material
- Roth v U.S.
- -upheld constitutionality of laws against mailings that are obscene, lewd, filthy, and indecent
- Bowers v Hardwick
- -allowed the armed forces to exclude homosexuals, and allowed states to ban homosexual relations
- Boy Scouts v Dale
- -a private organization is allowed to exlude an individual because of sexual orientation
- Griswold v Connecticut
- *zone of privacy* allowed use of contraceptives by married couples
- Mapp v Ohio
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*exclusionary rule*
-evidence gained illegally cannot be used in a court of law - Gregg v Georgia
- -the court upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty
- En Re Gault
- -minors do not have all the 14th amendment rights that adults do
- Korematsu v U.S.
- -sanctions the authority of the federal government to suspend civil liberties of citizens during times of a national emergency
- Gideon v Wainright
- -guarantees a defendant the right to an attorney
- Miranda v Arizona
- -police must read a citizen his constitutional rights when being arrested
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New York Times v U.S.
"The Pentagon Papers" -
-clear proof must be shown by federal government if it intends to issue a prior restraint
-a prior restraint cannot be used to stop publication of contraversial material -
U.S. v Nixon
"The Watergate Tapes" - -the use of executive privilege must yield to the judiciary's need to enforce laws
- Bush v Gore
- -stopped the recount of votes in Florida, allowing Bush to win the presidency