CH 4 cases
Terms
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- Weeks v U.S.
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the S.C. held that federal courts must exclude (at trial) any
evidence that was obtained through an improper search by federal
law enforcement agents. (exclusionary rule)
4th - Mapp v. Ohio
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the S.C. expanded the exclusionary rule to include searches
conducted by state and local law enforcement. This was
done by incorporating the 4th Amendment exclusionary rule into
the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment.
4th - U.S. v. Leon
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- the S. C. created the ‘good faith’ exception to the exclusionary
rule. If the police try to follow proper procedure in getting a search
warrant than the evidence seized under an improper warrant can be
used in a court of law to convict the defendant.
4th - Wyoming v. Houghton
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the S. C. ruled that when a police officer saw a syringe
sticking out of the pocket of the car driver’s pocket, the police
could search the purse of a passenger, even though the officer had
no specific reason to suspect that the passenger had drugs.
4th - Kyllo v. U.S.
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S.C. found a constitutional violation when police officers, acting
without a search warrant, pointed a thermal imaging device
at a house to detect the presence of heat-generating grow lights
used to cultivate marijuana indoors
4th - Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)
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S.C. held that an attorney must be provided to suspects
when the suspect is taken into police custody
5th - Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
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S. C. held that confessions made by suspects in custody
who were notified of their due process rights can not be
admitted as evidence at trial.
5th - New York v. Quarles (1984)
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S.C. ruled that evidence obtained from improper
questioning could be used if the situation posed an
immediate threat to public safety, such as seeking
information about a gun that they knew to be hidden
somewhere nearby.
5th - Dickerson v. U.S. (2000)
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S.C. confirmed that Miranda warnings are required by the
U.S. Constitution.
5th - Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
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S.C. held that defendants have a right to counsel in felony
cases for those who cannot pay for it themselves
6th - U.S. v. Salerno and Cafero (1987)
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the S.C. upheld the Bail Reform Act of 1984 that
allow federal judges to detain, without bail,
suspects who are considered dangerous to the
public.
6th - Furman v. Georgia (1972)
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the S.C. held that the death penalty was being applied in an
Arbitrary and discriminatory way.
8th - Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
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– S. C. ruled that capital punishment statutes are
permissible if they provide careful procedures to guide
decisions making by judges and juries
8th - 4th ammendment
- protection against unreasonable search and siezures
- 14th ammendment
- after civil war people get due process and equal protection
- 5th amendment
- right against self incrimination and no double jeopardy except if charged in different juridictions and same criminal act but different charges
- 6th amendment
- right to counsel, speedt trial and impartial jury
- 8th amendment
- no excessive bail, fines or unusual punishment