Anatomy & Physiology Cardiovascular
Terms
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3 parts to the
cardiovascular system -
blood
heart
vessels - blood tissue
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connective tissue:
very few cells
lots of extracellular matrix
circulation connects
many organs - blood composition
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55% plasma
45% formed elements - formed elements
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RBC - erythrocytes
WBC - lymphocytes
platelets - thrombocytes - roles of blood
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transportation
regulation
protection - 4 transporting roles of blood
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transports:
> oxygen & CO2 between lungs & cells
> nutrients from GI tract to cells
> waste from cells
> hormones from endocrine glands to body cells - 4 regulatory roles of blood
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> reservoir of fluids to keep the body's fluid levels balanced
> ph has a buffering quality - ability to convert strong acids or bases into weaker ones
> body temp - heat absorbing and coolant capacity of H2O in blood
> contributes or takes away water from cells - 4 protective roles of blood
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> limits blood loss through clotting
> WBC combat toxins and microbes
> phagocytosis - ingestion & destruction of microbes, cell debris & foreign matter
> production of antibodies, interferons & complement - 5 physical characteristics of blood
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> viscosity greater than water
> 38'C / 100.4'F
> ph 7.35 - 7.45
> 8% of body weight
> volume of 4-6 liters - plasma
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blood without the formed elements
91.5% water
8.5% solutes (7% is plasma proteins) - components of plasma
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1- water
2- albumins
3- globulins
4- fibrinogen
5- electrolytes
6- nutrients
7- gases
8- regulatory substances
9- waste - hemopoiesis
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production of formed elements of blood
(RBC, WBC, platelets) - erythropoeitin
- hemopoietic factor to increase erythtocytes (RBC)
- physical characteristics of erythrocytes
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5.4 million cells/microliter of blood
biconcave disc
no nuclei
contains hemoglobin - formation of red blood cell
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pluripotent stem cell
myeloid stem cell - erythropoietin
proerythroblast
reticulocyte
erythrocyte (RBC) - formation of platelets
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pluripotent stem cell
myeloid stem cell - thrombopoietin
megakaryoblast
megacaryocyte
thrombocyte (platelet) -
formation of white blood cell
(granular leukocytes) -
pluripotent stem cell
myeloid stem cell - cytokines
myelobast, eosinophilic myeloblast or basilic myeloblast
neutrophil, eosinophil or basophil -
formation of white blood cells
(agranular leukocytes) -
pluripotent stem cell
myeloid or lymphoid stem cell - cytokines
monoblast or lymphoblast
monocyte or lymphocyte
macrophage or B cell, T cell