1st Aid
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What FM Covers 1st Aid?
- FM 4-25.11
- What is meant by 1st aid?
- Urgent and Immediate lifesaving techniques applied by 1st person available
- What are the 4 adverse conditions affecting human life?
-
Lack of 02
Bleeding
Shock
Infection - What three tasks are considered to be the basics of 1st aid?
-
Check for breathing
Check for Bleeding
Check for Shock - What should you do if you come upon a sick or injured soldier?
- Evaluate him
- What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?
-
Check for-
Responsiveness
breathing
pulse
bleeding
shock
fractures
burns
head injuries - What is CPR?
- Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
- What are the 2 vital body functions?
- Circulation and Respiration
- Name the 4 common points for checking pulses?
-
Carotid
Radial
Posterior Tibial
Femoral - What are the 3 basic life saving steps?
-
Open the airway
Stop the bleeding and bandage the wound
control shock - What is the single most common airway obstruction?
- the tongue
- What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening the airway?
-
Jaw thrust
Head tilt chin lift - If a casualty is suspected of having a head or neck injury what method should you use to open the airway?
- Jaw thrust
- How do you check for breathing?
-
Look for the rise and fall of the chest
Listen for the exhale
Feel for the flow of air
Perform rescue breathing - What are the 2 preferred methods of rescue breathing?
-
Mouth 2 mouth
mouth 2 nose - What are the steps in performing artificial respiration?
-
Evaluate casualty
open airway
check for breathing
blow 2 full breaths
observe the rise and fall of the chest
5-10 seconds for pulse
no pulse seek medical aid
pulse continue rescue breathing - What are the 2 methods for opening an airway of an unconscious casualty
-
Abdominal thrust
chest thrust - When should the chest thrust be used?
- If causualty is prego or has an abdominal injury
- Name the 5 methods for controlling bleeding
-
Field dressing
manual pressure
elevate wound
pressure dressing
tourniquet - How should the tails be tied on a field dressing?
- Non slip knots on the sides of the wound
- How long should you apply manual pressure?
- 5-10 minutes
- When applying manual pressure what else can you do to stop bleeding?
- Elevate slightly above heart
- Should you elevate a fractured limb?
- Yes, after it has been splinted
- When should a pressure dressing be applied?
- When the bleeding continues after the field dressing, manual pressure and elevation
- How should the knots on a pressure dressing be tied?
- directly over the wound in a nonslip knot, not a tourniquet
- When should a tourniquet be used?
- Only as a last resort
- A soldier whose arm or leg has been severed may not be bleeding, should you apply a tourniquet anyway?
- Yes
- Where are the only places a tourniquet can be applied?
-
On the neck and groin......
No, no really on the arm or leg - An improvised tourniquet should be how many inches wide?
- 2
- How should a tourniquet be applied?
- Between the heart and the wound, never directly over the wound, fracture or joint
- What should you do after applying a tourniquet?
- Mark the casualties head with a T
- Why can shock kill you?
- It is a collapse of the cardiovascular system
- What are some causes of shock?
-
Dehydration
allergic reaction
significant blood loss
traumatic injuries
reaction to the sight of a wound - What are the symptoms of shock?
- clammy skin, pale skin, restlessness, thirst, bleeding, confusion, bluish skin, nausea and vomiting
- What are the steps to preventing shock?
-
Position casualty
Elevate legs
Loosen tight clothing
Climitize
Reassure
Notify medical personell - When would you not put the casualty in the shock position?
- When the casualty has a fractured leg, head injury, or abdominal injury
- In the case of an abdominal injury how should the casualty be positioned?
- On the back with knees flexed
- What is the best way to calm a casualty?
- Take Charge and show self confidence
- What should you do before leaving an unconscious casualty>?
- Turn the head so as to avoid chokin on own vomitus...yum
- Head injuries are classfied into 2 types?
- Open and Closed same as fractures
- What are some symptoms of head injuries?
- Naseau and vomiting, Slurred speech, drowsiness, paralysis, headache, deformity of head, convulsions, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, bruising around eyes, bleeding or fluid from the scalp, ears and or nose
-
What are the following terms
Abrasion/contusion/laceration/avulsion? - Abrasion-scrape/contusion-bruise/Laceration-cut/Avulsion-rip
- What is a concussion?
- An injury to the brain that involves a temporary loss of frain bunction
- When treating a sucking chest wound, what material should be used to creat an occlusive dressing?
- Plastic wrapper from the field dressing, cellophane, wrap tite
- When treating a sucking chest wound, the plastic should extend ____ inches from the edge of the wound in all directions.
- dos, duo, 2
- What is tension pneumothorax?
- A life threatining condition that results in a build of air in the chest casualty that has no escape
- What are the 1st aid measures for treating an abdominal wound?>
- Evaluate, position cas on back knees flexed, expose wound, do not remove clothing that is stuck to wound, apply field dressing, do no apply pressure, seek medical aid
- what should be done with any organs protruding from the wound on the ground?
- Pick those chitlins up with a clean dressing and place on the abdomen, do not attempt to stuff back in
- Can abdominal wounds get a lil something to eat?
- No eat, no drink, only moisten lips
- What are the 4 types of burns?
-
Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
"laser"
Razor - What are the 5 1st aid measures for treating burns?
-
Eliminate the source of the burn
expose the burn
apply dressing
take precautions
seek medical aid - How do you remove a burn casualty from and electrical source
- Very carefully, turn off power, or use a nonconductive material to move body
- How do you remove chemical burn from a cas?
-
Liquid chemicals flush with H20
Dry chemicals brush off loose particles and then flush - What is the 1st aid for white phosphorous?
- Smother with wet cloth or mud and then remove particles
- What are some precations when treating a burn casualty?
-
Do not place a field dressing on burned eyes or genitals
Do not break blisters
Do not apply grease
For electrical burns check for entry and exit wounds
Small amount of h20 Ok - What is the 1st aid for a lacerated eyeball?
- Cover the injury with a loose dressing. Cover both eyes
- What is a fracture?
- A broken bone
- What are the 2 kinds of frectures?
- open and closed
- What is a dislocation or a sprain?
-
Dislocation when a joint is not in its proper place
Sprain- when connecting tissue joints have been torn - What are some signs of a fracture?
- Deformity, swelling, inability to move, bleeding, pain, tenderness, protruding bone (maybe), discolored skin
- Why should fractures be immobilized?
- To prevent the sharp edges of the bone from causing further damage
- What are some improvised splinting materials?
- Rifle, pistol belt, boards, tree branches, poles, cardboard, rolled newspapers,
- What is an anatomical splint?
- Splinting a fractured leg to the unfractured leg, splinting arm to chest
- What is the 1st and last thing you should do when splinting?
- Check the pulse
- Where should padding be placed on a splint?
- Any place the spliting material touches the a bony part of the body
- How tight should the knots be on a splint?
- not so tight that you cannot put your finger tip betwixt the bandaged part and the skin
- What are the 3 types of heat injuries?
-
Heat-
cramps
Exhaustion
stroke - What are some symptoms of heat cramps?
- Cramping in the arms legs or abdomen
- What are the 1st aid measures for heat cramps?
-
move cas to a cool shady area
have them drink water - What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
- excessive sweating/dizziness/ cramping/ urge to defecate/ rapid breathing/ confusion/ headache/ weakness/ confusion/ nauseau/ chills/ tingling
- What are the 1st aid measures for heat exhaustion?
-
Move to cool shady spot
loosen or remove clothing
pour water on cas
have cas drink water
seek medical aid if symptoms continue - What are the symptoms of heat stroke?
- red skin/confusion/no sweating/ seizures/ stomach pains/ loss of consciousness/ weakness/ nausea/ headaches/ pulse rapid and weak
- What are the 1st aid measures for heat stroke?
-
Move cas to cool shady area
loosen or remove clothing
start cooling cas immediately
elevate legs
drink water
seek medical aid - What is the acronym used for avoiding cold weather injuries?
-
COLD
keep it Clean
avoid Overheating
wear it Loose and Layered
keep it Dry - Name the 6 cold weather injuries?
-
Chilblain
Immersion foot
frostbite
snow blindness
dehydration
hypothermia