cancer 2
Terms
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- leukemia
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cancer occurring in blood forming organs
such as spleen & in bone marrow - signs of cancer
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change of bowel & bladder functions
sore throat that does not heel
unusual bleeding or discharge
thickening or lumps in breast or elsewhere
obvious changes in warts, moles, or freckles,
nagging cough, hoarseness
unexplained weight loss - what is vesicant
- agents that may produce blisters & tissue necrosis
- what type of bone marrow is allogenic
- siblings bone marrow
- what is cardia tamponade and what are s/s
-
formation of pericardial fluid which reduces cardiac output by compressing heart
seen in lung, breast Hodgkin s, lymphoma, melanoma, GI tumors and sarcoma
S/S weak rapid pulse, distended neck veins during inspiration
ankle or sacral edema
ascities, enlarged speen lethargy and altered LOC - metastasis
- multiplies quickly and spreads to other parts of body through lymph system and bloodstream
- tumor marker
- substance such as specific proteins, antigens,genes, hormones or enzymes that are found in the serum and indicates th possible of malignancy
- types of radiation
- internal & external
- what is biotherapy
- performed with biologic response modifiers (BRM) stimulates body's natural immune system to control and destroy malignant cells
- what precautions should be taken with bone marrow pt's
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monitor blood count
especially WBC & platelets
strict asepsis during dressing changes - risk factors
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environmental, lifestyle choices,
genetic factors, viral factors,
obesity,
diets hi in smoked, pickled, salty and hi in animal facts
1st child after 30 - carcinoma
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occurring in epithelia tissue
skin - what medical emergencies occur in clients with advance stages of cancer
-
hypercalcemia
spinal cord compression
superior vena cava syndrome
cardiac tamponade - classification system used
-
T- anatomical size of primary tumor
N- extent of lymph node involvement
M- presence of metastasis - how do cancer cells differ form normal cells
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irregular shape
multiply quickly
clump together and form tumor - explain how bone marrow is used
- aspirating & storing a fraction or total body irradiation and then exposing body to high doses of drug therapy and re infusing bone marrow after treatment
- neoplasm
- any abnormal growth of new tissue
- smoking risk factors for
- lung, pancreas, uterus, cervix, kidneys, bladder, oral, esophageal, pharynx, larynx
- myeloma
- plasma cells
- What are CCNS drugs
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cell cycle non- specific
can destroy in any phase of cell cycle
used for large tumors
not schedule dependent - sarcoma
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occurring in connective tissue
such as bone - benign
- not progressive & thus prognosis favorable
- how is reconstructive surgery used
-
to heal or restore to health
involves excising all the tumor & involved surrounding tissue & the regional lymph nodes
IE- mastectomy - malignant
- tumor that is cancerous & often becomes worse & may lead to death
- cachexia
- state of malnutrition and protein wasting
- palliative surgery is used to
-
relives complaints but does not cure
obstructions, interrupt nerve pathways for intractable pain
insertion of special assistance devices or to place enteral tubes - what is chemotherapy
- antineoplastic drugs that inhibits growth & reproduction of malignant cells
- what is synergic bone marrow
- identical twins bone marrow
- what is internal radiation
- use of hight energy ionizing radiation and has the ability to penetrate tissue cells causing breakage in chromosome within thus preventing the ability of cell to replicate
- what happens during superior vena cava syndrome
-
obstruction of the superior vena cava
frequently seen in lung and lymphoma s
S/s dyspnea, swelling of neck and face
edema in upper extremities chest pain and coughing - what is autologous bone marrow?
- client's own bone marrow
- grading system used how?
-
classification of tumor as to degree of differentiation or un-differentiating
G-I/G-IV- higher # poor prognosis - what are CCS chemotherapy drugs?
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cell cycle specific chemotherapy drugs
attacks cells when cell enters a certain phase of reproduction
is schedule dependent - internal radiation requires?
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private room with iron walls
limit staff & visitors
prepare everything out side of room
if radiation source falls out
use long forces to pick up and place in lead container
keep distance & limit time in room - what is extravasations
- leakage of chemo from veins into surrounding tissue during infusion
- what are the s/s of hypercalcemia
-
happens when cancer metastasis to bone such as breast caner
tumor destroys bones causing hi levels of calcium kidneys unable to eliminate
early s/s
nausea, vomiting, constipation weakness
later s/s dehydration, renal failure, coma, cardia arrest
treat w/ IV of lasix