Medical Terminology Ch 2 Organization of Body
Terms
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- cell membrane
- outer covering of cell, allows some substances to pass into and out of cell while denying passage to others
- protoplasm
-
substance within cell membrane, composed of cytoplasm and karyoplasm
essential matter of living cell - karyoplasm
- substance of cell's nucleus, contains gennetic matter
- cytoplasm
- all protoplasm outside the nucleus, provides storage and work areas for the cell
- tissue
-
grouping of similar cells that together perform specialized functions
four types: epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve - epithelial tissue
- sheet-like arrangements of cells
- connective tissue
- forms supporting network for organs of the body, sheaths the muscles, and connects muscles to bones and bones to joints
- muscle tissue
- three types: voluntary or striated, cardiac, and involuntary or smooth
- nerve tissue
- consists of nerve cells (neurons) and interstitial tissue
- superior
- above, in an upward direction
- anterior
- in front of or before
- posterior
- toward the back
- cephalad
- toward the head
- medial
- nearest the midline
- lateral
- to the side
- proximal
- nearest the point of attachment
- distal
- away from the point of attachment
- ventral
- the same as anterior, the front side
- dorsal
- the same as posterior, the back side
- midsagittal plane
- vertically divides the body as it passes through the midline to form a right and left half
- transversrse or horizontal plane
- divides the body in superior and inferior portions
- inferior
- located below or in a downward direction
- coronal or frontal plane
- any plane that divides the body at right angles to the midsagittal plane, divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions
- cavity
-
hollow space containing body organs
front: vental or anterior cavities
-thoracic = heart and lungs
-abdominal = kidneys, stomach, intestines
-pelvic = reproduction and elimination organs
back: dorsal or posterior cavities
-cranial = brain
-spinal = spinal cord