bio final review
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- The lymphatic system is an open system which gathers liquid from body tissues as it seeps out at the capillaries and returns the fluid to the cardiovascular system?
- True.
- Adh is secreted via the rennin antiotensim angiotensin I-angiotensin II system.
- False
- Myocardium produces its own impulses at a pacemaker region.
- True
- Ventricles relax at diastole?
- True
- A voltage-gated ion channel will open or close if enough oxygen occupies the lungs and causes diffusion of nitrogen upon exhalation.
- False
- Sympathetic axons leave the top and bottom of the spinal cord.
- True
- Parasympathetic axons come off of the brain and lead to the top of the spinal cord.
- False
- A single neuron transits impulses away from the cell body.
- False
- Hormones from ductless glands do not need rceptors on organs or tissues in order ot cause and effect.
- flase
- Polypeptice hormones are composed of chains of amino acids that are between 500 and 1000 anino acids.
- False
- Any organ that secretes a hormone into the blood is part of the endocrine system.
- True
- Macrophages kill cells by engulfing the ones presenting the appropriate antigen.
- True..
- MHC proteins are found on all nucleated cells in the body, identifying it to the body as self.
- True
- Antibodies are produced by erythrocytes and coat cells which are killed by natural killer cells.
- False
- Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin and serve in oxygen transport.
- True.
- Baroreceptors respond to a change in which of the following?
- Blood pressure
- Which of the following are involved in blood clotting?
- Thrombocytes.
- Which of the following is more highly concentrated inside the cell?
- Potassium(k+).
- In which of the following does an impulse travel faster than one in continuos fashion?
- Salator conduction
- Which of the following glands are connected to epithelium by ducts?
- Endocrine glands.
- Which of the following produce specific antibodies?
- Lymphocytes.
- The vertebrate body includes a long tube that travels from one end to the other and is suspended within an internal body cavity called?
- COELEM
- Groups of cells similar in structure and function are organized into?
- TISSUES
- Are body structures composed of several different tissues grouped together into a structural and functional unit.
- ORGANS
- Include membranes that cover all body surfaces and glands.
- epithelial tissues
- Those glands that lose their connections with the epithelium frm which they were derived and secrete homones into the blood are called
- ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
- Are derived from mesoderm and occur in many different forms which pssoess abundant extracelluar material.
- CONNECTIVE TISSUES
- Fibroblasts secrete ____ and other fibrous proteins.
- COLLAGEN
- Bone cells, or ____ remain alive even though the extracellular matrix becomes hardened with crystals of calcium phosphate.
- OSTEROCYES
- Blood is classified as a connective tissue because it contains cells and abundant extracellular material , the fluid called
- PLASMA
- Provides for movement of the vetebrated body ad of materials within the body.
- MUSCLE TISSUE
- Are specialized cells that receive, produce and conduct electrical signals.
- NEURONS
- The body of humans and other mammals contains a cavity divided byh the diaphragm into thoreacic and
- ADDOMINAL CAVITIES
- Which of the following is not one of the principal kinds of tissues in vertebrates?
- CARTILAGE
- Which of the following are the fundamental emroyonic tissues called the germ layers?
- ENDODERM MESODERM ECTODERM
- The glands of vertebrate are derived from?
- INVAGINATED EPITHELIUM
- Calluses are produced with an increase in abrasion as the stratified squamous epithelial cells of the skin are deposited with and increasing amount of a wear- resistant protein called?
- KERATIN
- If the connection between the gland and the epithelial membrane is maintained as a duct, the gland is called?
- EXOCRINE GLAND
- Defensive cells are found in which connective tissue?
- BLOOD
- The characteristic that makes the muscle cells unique is the relative abundance and organization of?
- ACTIN AND MYOSIN FIBERS.
- Are the specialized cells to produce and conduct electrochemical impulses are called.
- NEURONS
- ____ and ______ are both known as striated muscles.
- SKELETAL AND CARDIAC
- Bone cells are called?
- OSTEOCYTES
- Muscles are involuntary
- CARDIAC AND SMOOTH
- In addition to motor and sensory neurons the nerve tissue contains?
- GLIAL CELLS
- The nucleus of a neuron is contained in the.
- CELL BODY
- Transports cells and dissolved materials throughout the body.
- CIRCULATORY
- Removes foreign bodies from the bloodstream fights infection.
- IMMUNE
- Receives stimuli intergrates information and directs the body.
- NERVOUS
- Captures oxygen and exchange gases.
- RESPIRATORY
- Removes metabolic wastes from the bloodstream
- URINARY
- Invertebrate locomotion results from the contraction of muscles anchored to?
- BONE
- During muscle contraction calcium ions bind to?
- TROPONIN.
- The chemical released by somatic motor neurons in skeletal muscle contraction is?
- ACETYLCHOLINE
- Villi and microvilli are found in the?
- small intestine
- The production of bile salts to emulsify fates is performed in which organ?
- LIVER.
- The low ph of the stomach helps to?
- DENAUTURES FOOD PROTEINS, MAKING IT EASIER TO DIGEST.
- A series of sensory organs(cilia) that project into a canal beneath the surface of the skin which enables bony fish to detect motionless objects at a distance by the movement of h2o of the object (serves as hearing ) are known as ?
- OSSIFICATION
- _____ and ______Are the two critical steps on the path leading to the evolution of humans exhibited by hominids.
- BISPEDALISM AND LAGER BRAIN
- _____ were the first hominids to evolve.
- AUSTRALOPITHECINES
- Is not a function of the epithelium.
- ATP PRODUCTION
- Is a process in which amino acid and lactic acid are converted to glucose.
- ABSORPTION
- The strongly hydrochloric acid present in the denatures proteins and activated pepsin, a protein digesting enzyme.
- Gastric Juice
- Most digestion occurs in the first 25 c of the 6-meter length of the small intestine called.
- DUODENUM
- The mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice is called
- CHYME
- The epithelial wall of the small intestine is covered with tiny fingerlike projections called.
- VILLI
- Because of the hepatic portal vein, the _____ is the first organ to receive most of the products of digestion
- LIVER
- The products of fat digestion in the small intestine are reassemble into triglycerides by the intestinal epithelium before combining them with proteins to form.
- CHYLOMICRONS
- The pancreas secretes enzymes ______ that neutralizes HCI and hormones
- BIRCARBONATE
- In addition to producing _____ that aids in digestion the liver also regulates blood composition.
- BILE
- In horses, rodents and logomorths, the digestion of cellulose by microorganisms takes place in the
- CECCUM
- Is not a part of the gastrointestinal tract.
- LARNX
- The activities of the characteristics layered structured of the tubular gastrointestinal tract is regulated by nerves in certain regions located in the submuscosa. These regions are called?
- PLEXUSES
- All OF THE FOLLOWING ARE FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON?
- SUPPORT AND PROTECITON, CALCUIM HOMEOSTASIS, LEVERS FOR THE FORCE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION, BLOOD CELL FORMATION
- MAMMALS CALLED RUMINANTS (COW) CONSUME GRASS AND OTHER VEGETATION, HAVE STOMACHS WITH MULTIPLE CHAMBERS WHERE BACTERIA AID IN THE DIGESTION OF?
- CELLULOSE.
- A SERIES OF SENSORY ORGANS (CILIA) THAT PROJECT INTO A CANAL BENEATH THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN WHICH ENABLES BONY FISH TO DETECT MOTIONLESS OBJECTS AT A DISTANCE BY THE MOVEMENT OF h2o OF THE OBJECT (SERVES AS HEARING) ARE KNOWN AS.?
- A LATERAL LINE SYSTEM
- Allelic changes in a population of organisms which leads to progressive changes form simple to complex based on natural selection is known as?
- Micro evolution
- Which agent of evolutionary change is the only one which produces adaptive changes which depend on the nature of the environment?
- Selection
- Certain bacteria are able to withstand environmental stress and resist desiccation and heat by forming?
- Endosperms.
- Bacteria are important in that they play a major positive role in each of the following area’s except?
- Phage conversion
- Archaea contains all of the following components except?
- Peptidoglycan
- Which of the followings key feature is pigmentation?
- Algae
- Which of the following moves by way of pseudopods?
- Amoeba
- Which of the following moves as a giant mass of protoplasm?
- Plasmodia slime molds
- Micro evolution is progressive changes in gene frequency?
- True
- Over exploitation
- whales
- Disruption of ecological relationships?
- Black footed ferrets
- Habitat loss and fragmentation?
- prairie chickens
- Antigen genes shuffled in ducks which are not affected by the virus
- Influenza
- Loss of genetic variation?
- songbirds
- Produces many commonly used antibiotics.
- Actinomycetes
- Line the digestive tracts of animals
- enterobacteria
- conjunctivitis
- chlamydia trachomatius –
- Transmitted by and insect vector
- rickettsia typhi-
- Normal floral oraginsm including e coli
- enterobacteria
- Rickettsias and chlamydias –
- intracellular parasites
- antibiotics producers
- actinomycetes-
- Pseudocolemates worms w/a gut tube open at both ends
- nematode-
- Bilaterally symmetrical acoelmates
- Playthelmimthes –
- centipedes
- chilopoda
- Function as fangs or pincers
- chelicerae.