Chapter 1 Medical Terminology
Terms
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- Objectives in studying the medical language
-
ANALYZE words by dividing them into component parts.
RELATE the medical terms to the structure and function of the human body.
BE aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. - Three general rules
-
READ the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across.
DROP the combining vowel (usually o)before a suffix beginning with a vowel.
KEEP the combining vowel between two roots - Important elements of medical terms
-
ROOT: foundation of the term
SUFFIX: word ending
PREFIX: word beginning
COMBINING VOWEL: vowel (usually o)that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root
COMBINING FORM: combination of the root and the combining vowel - aden/o
- gland
- arthr/o
- joint
- bi/o
- life
- carcin/o
- cancerous, cancer
- cardi/o
- heart
- cephal/o
-
cerebrum
(largest part of the brain) - cis/o
- to cut
- crin/o
-
secrete
(to form and give off) - cyst/o
-
urinary bladder (most used)
a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid) -
derm/o
dermat/o - skin
- electr/o
- electricity
- encephal/o
- brain
- enter/o
-
intestines
(usually the small intestines) - erythr/o
- red
- gastr/o
- stomach
- gnos
- knowledge
- gynec/o
- woman, female
-
hemat/o
hem/o - blood
- hepat/o
- liver
- iatr/o
- treatment
- leuk/o
- white
- nephr/o
- kidney
- neur/o
- nerve
- onc/o
- tumor
- ophthalm/o
- eye
- oste/o
- bone
- path/o
- disease
- ped/o
- child
- psych/o
- mind
- radi/o
- x-rays
- ren/o
- kidney
- rhin/o
- nose
- sarc/o
- flesh
- sect/o
- to cut
- thromb/o
-
clot, clotting
(use platlett=bonus point) - ur/o
- urinary tract, urine
- -ac
- pertaining to
- -al
- pertaining to
- -algia
- pain
- -cyte
- cell
- -ectomy
- excision, removal
- -emia
- blood condition
- -genic
- pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in
- -gram
- record
- -ic, -ical
- pertaining to
- -ion
- process
- -ist
- specialist
- -itis
- inflammation
- -logy
- study of
- -oma
- tumor, mass, swelling
- -opsy
- process of viewing
- -osis
-
condition, usually abnormal
(slight increase in number when used with blood cells) - -pathy
- disease condition
- -scope
- instrument to visually examine
- -scopy
- process of visually examining
- -sis
- state of
- -tomy
- process of cutting, incision
- -y
- process, condition
- a-, an-
- no, not, without
- auto-
- self
- dia-
- through, complete
- endo-
- within
- epi-
- above, upon
-
ex-
exo- - out
- hyper-
- excessive, above, more than normal
- hypo-
- deficient, below, under, less than normal
- in-
- into, in
- peri-
- surrounding, around
- pro-
- before, forward
-
re-
retro- -
back, backward, again
behind - sub-
- below, under
- trans-
- across, through
- adenitis
- inflammation of a gland
- adenoma
- tumor of a gland
- adenopathy
- disease condition of the glands
- anemia
- condition of red blood cell defiency
- arthralgia
- pain in the joints
- arthritis
- inflammation in the joints
- autopsy
- process of viewing with ones own eyes
- biology
- study of life
- biopsy
- process of viewing live tissue
- carcinogenic
- pertaining to producing cancer
- carcinoma
- a tumor that is cancerous
- cardiac
- pertaining to the heart
- cardiology
- sudy of the heart
- cephalic
- pertaining to the head
- cerebral
- pertaining to the cerebrum
- cystitis
- inflammation of the urinary bladder
- cystoscopy
- visul examination of the urinary bladder
- cytology
- study of cells
- dermatitis
- inflammation of the skin
- dermatology
- study of the skin
- diagnosis
- state of complete knowledge
- electrocardiogram
- record of electricity of the brain
- electroencephalogram
- record of electricity of the brain
- endocrine glands
- glands that secrete with in the body
- endocrinologist
- one who specializes in the treatment of the glands
- endocrinology
- study of glands
- endoscope
- instrument to examine within the body
- endoscopy
-
process of visually examining
within body - enteritis
- inflammation of the intestines
- enteropathy
- study of the intestines
- epidermis
- above the middle layer of the skin
- epigastric
- above the stomach
- erythrocyte
- red blood cell
- excision
- process of cuttting into
- exocrine glands
- glands that secrete out of the body
- gastrectomy
- removal of the stomach
- gastric
- pertaining to the stomach
- gastroenterology
- study of the stomach and intestines
- gastrotomy
- incision into the stomach
- gynecologist
- a specialist for women
- gynecology
- study of women, female
- hematology
- study of blood
- hematoma
- collection of blood
- hemoglobin
- protein in the blood
- hepatitis
- inflammation of the liver
- hepatoma
- malignant tumor of the liver
- hyperglycemia
- excessive sugar in the blood
- hypodermic
- pertaining to below the skin
- hypogastric
- pertaining to below the stomach
- hypoglycemia
- deficiency of sugar in the blood
- iatrogenic
- produced by treatment
- incision
- process of cutting into
- leukemia
- blood condition of an increase of white blood cells
- leukocyte
- white blood cell
- leukocytosis
- abnormal white blood cell increase
- nephrectomy
- removal of the kidney
- nephritis
- inflammation of the kidney
- nephrology
- sudy of the kidney
- nephrosis
- abnormal condition of the kidney
- neural
- pertaining to the nerves
- neurological
- pertaining to the nerves
- neurology
- sudy of the nerves
- oncologist
- specialist in the treatment of tumors
- ophthalmologist
- specialist in the treatment of the eye
- ophthalmoscope
- instrument to view the eye
- osteitis
- inflammation of the bone
- osteoarthitis
- inflammation of the bones and joints
- osteotomy
- incision into the bone
- pathogenic
- pertaining to producing disease
- pathologist
- specialist in the treatment of disease
- pathology
- sudy of disease
- pediatric
- pertaining to the treatment of children
- neuralgia
- pain in the nerves
- pericardium
- membrane surrounding the heart
- oncology
- the sudy of tumors
- prognosis
- state of prior knowledge
- psychiatrist
- specialist of the mind
- psychiatry
- process of treating the mind
- psychology
- study of the mind
- radiology
- the study of radio x-rays
- renal
- pertaining to the kidney
- resection
- process of cutting back
- retrocardia
- pertaining to behind the heart
- rhinitis
- inflammation of the nose
- sarcoma
-
cancerous flesh
(bone, fat, cartlidge) - subhepatic
- pertaining to below the liver
- thrombocyte
- clotting cell or platelets
- transhepatic
- pertaining to across the liver
- urology
- study of the utinary tract