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Chapter 1 Medical Terminology

Terms

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Objectives in studying the medical language
ANALYZE words by dividing them into component parts.

RELATE the medical terms to the structure and function of the human body.

BE aware of spelling and pronunciation problems.
Three general rules
READ the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across.

DROP the combining vowel (usually o)before a suffix beginning with a vowel.

KEEP the combining vowel between two roots
Important elements of medical terms
ROOT: foundation of the term
SUFFIX: word ending
PREFIX: word beginning
COMBINING VOWEL: vowel (usually o)that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root

COMBINING FORM: combination of the root and the combining vowel
aden/o
gland
arthr/o
joint
bi/o
life
carcin/o
cancerous, cancer
cardi/o
heart
cephal/o
cerebrum
(largest part of the brain)
cis/o
to cut
crin/o
secrete
(to form and give off)
cyst/o
urinary bladder (most used)
a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)
derm/o
dermat/o
skin
electr/o
electricity
encephal/o
brain
enter/o
intestines
(usually the small intestines)
erythr/o
red
gastr/o
stomach
gnos
knowledge
gynec/o
woman, female
hemat/o
hem/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
iatr/o
treatment
leuk/o
white
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
onc/o
tumor
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
path/o
disease
ped/o
child
psych/o
mind
radi/o
x-rays
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
sect/o
to cut
thromb/o
clot, clotting
(use platlett=bonus point)
ur/o
urinary tract, urine
-ac
pertaining to
-al
pertaining to
-algia
pain
-cyte
cell
-ectomy
excision, removal
-emia
blood condition
-genic
pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in
-gram
record
-ic, -ical
pertaining to
-ion
process
-ist
specialist
-itis
inflammation
-logy
study of
-oma
tumor, mass, swelling
-opsy
process of viewing
-osis
condition, usually abnormal
(slight increase in number when used with blood cells)
-pathy
disease condition
-scope
instrument to visually examine
-scopy
process of visually examining
-sis
state of
-tomy
process of cutting, incision
-y
process, condition
a-, an-
no, not, without
auto-
self
dia-
through, complete
endo-
within
epi-
above, upon
ex-
exo-
out
hyper-
excessive, above, more than normal
hypo-
deficient, below, under, less than normal
in-
into, in
peri-
surrounding, around
pro-
before, forward
re-

retro-
back, backward, again

behind
sub-
below, under
trans-
across, through
adenitis
inflammation of a gland
adenoma
tumor of a gland
adenopathy
disease condition of the glands
anemia
condition of red blood cell defiency
arthralgia
pain in the joints
arthritis
inflammation in the joints
autopsy
process of viewing with ones own eyes
biology
study of life
biopsy
process of viewing live tissue
carcinogenic
pertaining to producing cancer
carcinoma
a tumor that is cancerous
cardiac
pertaining to the heart
cardiology
sudy of the heart
cephalic
pertaining to the head
cerebral
pertaining to the cerebrum
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystoscopy
visul examination of the urinary bladder
cytology
study of cells
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
dermatology
study of the skin
diagnosis
state of complete knowledge
electrocardiogram
record of electricity of the brain
electroencephalogram
record of electricity of the brain
endocrine glands
glands that secrete with in the body
endocrinologist
one who specializes in the treatment of the glands
endocrinology
study of glands
endoscope
instrument to examine within the body
endoscopy
process of visually examining
within body
enteritis
inflammation of the intestines
enteropathy
study of the intestines
epidermis
above the middle layer of the skin
epigastric
above the stomach
erythrocyte
red blood cell
excision
process of cuttting into
exocrine glands
glands that secrete out of the body
gastrectomy
removal of the stomach
gastric
pertaining to the stomach
gastroenterology
study of the stomach and intestines
gastrotomy
incision into the stomach
gynecologist
a specialist for women
gynecology
study of women, female
hematology
study of blood
hematoma
collection of blood
hemoglobin
protein in the blood
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
hepatoma
malignant tumor of the liver
hyperglycemia
excessive sugar in the blood
hypodermic
pertaining to below the skin
hypogastric
pertaining to below the stomach
hypoglycemia
deficiency of sugar in the blood
iatrogenic
produced by treatment
incision
process of cutting into
leukemia
blood condition of an increase of white blood cells
leukocyte
white blood cell
leukocytosis
abnormal white blood cell increase
nephrectomy
removal of the kidney
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
nephrology
sudy of the kidney
nephrosis
abnormal condition of the kidney
neural
pertaining to the nerves
neurological
pertaining to the nerves
neurology
sudy of the nerves
oncologist
specialist in the treatment of tumors
ophthalmologist
specialist in the treatment of the eye
ophthalmoscope
instrument to view the eye
osteitis
inflammation of the bone
osteoarthitis
inflammation of the bones and joints
osteotomy
incision into the bone
pathogenic
pertaining to producing disease
pathologist
specialist in the treatment of disease
pathology
sudy of disease
pediatric
pertaining to the treatment of children
neuralgia
pain in the nerves
pericardium
membrane surrounding the heart
oncology
the sudy of tumors
prognosis
state of prior knowledge
psychiatrist
specialist of the mind
psychiatry
process of treating the mind
psychology
study of the mind
radiology
the study of radio x-rays
renal
pertaining to the kidney
resection
process of cutting back
retrocardia
pertaining to behind the heart
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
sarcoma
cancerous flesh
(bone, fat, cartlidge)
subhepatic
pertaining to below the liver
thrombocyte
clotting cell or platelets
transhepatic
pertaining to across the liver
urology
study of the utinary tract

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