Surgical Tech
Terms
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- Antiseptic
- Substance commonly used on living tissue to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microbes to prevent infection.
- Asepsis
- Absence of microbes, infection
- Bioburden
- the number of microbes or amount of organic debris on an object at any given time
- Contamination
- the presence of pathogenic materials
- Cross-contamination
- The contamination of a person or object by another
- Disinfectant
- chemical agent that kills most microbes, but usually not spores; usually used on inanimate objects: Too strong for living tissue
- Fomite
- an inanimate object upon which pathogens may be conveyed
- Infection
- the invasion of the human body or tissue by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce and multiply causing disease
- Nosocomial
- an infection acquired within a health care setting
- Pathogen
- any microbe capable of causing disease
- Resident flora
- microbes which normally reside below the skin surface or within the body
- Sepsis
- infection, usually accompanied by fever, that results from the presence of pathogenic microorganisms
- Spore
- a resistant form of certain types of bacteria, able to survive in adverse conditions
- Sterile
- Item(s) that have been rendered free of all living microorganisms, including spores
- Sterile field
- specified area, usually the area immediately around the patient, that is considered free of microorganisms
- Sterile technique
- methods used to prevent contamination of the sterile field, patient pre-op, intra-op, and post-op
- sterilization
- the destruction of all microorganisms, including spores on inanimate objects.
-
Strike-through
contamination - contamination of a sterile field that occurs through the passage of fluid through or a puncture in a microbial barrier
- Surgically clean
- items mechancially cleaned and chemcially disinfected but not sterile
- Transient flora
- microbes which reside on the skin surface and are easily removed
- Vector
- a living carrier that transmits disease
- SSI
- Surgical Site Infection
- Aerobic
- Must have oxygen
- Anaerobic
- Live without oxygen
- Cocci
- Generally spherically shaped baterium
- Bacilli
- Generally rod-shaped bacterium
- Staphylococcus Aureus
- thrives in the nose. 25% of all people are colonized. aerobic, gram-positive cocci
- CELLS
- HAVE A PLASMA MEMBRANE
- CELL MEMBRANE
- SEPARATES CELL CONTENTS FROM TISSUE FLUID (INTERSTIAL)
- ORGANELLES
- ARE SMALL STRUCTURES AS PART OF THE CYTOPLASM
- CERTAIN SUBSTANCES
- CAN MOVE THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND IT BARS THE PASSAGE OF OTHERS
- PLASMA MEMBRANE
- INDENTIFIES A CELL AS COMING FROM ONE PARTICULAR INDIVIDUAL
- CYTOPLASM
- LIES BETWEEN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND THE NUCLEUS
- RIBOSOMES
- HELP SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS AND MAKE ENZYMES
- ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- TRANSPORTS PROTEINS AND SYNTHESIZES LIPIDS
- CELLULAR MEMBRANE MATERIAL
- ARE MANUFACTURED IN THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- GOLGI APPARATUS
- RELEASES ITS PROCESSED CHEMICALS FOR EXIT OUT OF THE CELL
- MITOCHONDRIA
- IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ATP SYNTHESIS (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)ALSO KNOWN AS THE "POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL"
- ENERGY RELEASE FROM ATP SYNTHESIS
- IS IMPORTANT FOR CELLULAR FUNCTION AND WORK (CELLULAR RESPIRATION)
- LYSOSOMES
- CONTAIN ENZYMES THAT DIGEST FOOD COMPOUNDS
- LYSOSOMES PROTECT THE CELL
- AGAINST DESTRUCTION FRO MICROORGANISMS
- CENTRIOLES
- FUNCTION IN CELL REPRODUCTION
- CILLIA
- ARE ORGANELLES CAPABLE OF MOVEMENT (IN A WAVE LIKE MOTION)
- FLAGELLA
- IS A SINGLE PROJECTION EXTENDING FROM A CELL
- FLAGELLA USE PROPULSIVE MOVEMENTS
- TO "SWIM" OR MOVE TOWARDS ITS DESTINATION OR FUNCTION
- NUCLEUS
- CONTROLS EVERY ORGANELLE IN THE CYTOPLASM
- CHROMOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS
- AID IN CELL DIVISION
- CHROMATIN GRANULES IN THE NUCLEUS, DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)
- IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL OFTEN KNOWN AS THE "BLUE PRINT OF THE BODY"
- ACTIVE TRANSPORT
- REQUIRES ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE CELL
- ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)
- IS NEEDED TO MOVE SUBSTANCES FROM A LOW CONCENTRATION TO A HIGH CONCENTRATION
- ACTIVE TRANSPORT MOVES SUBSTANCES
- "UP A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT" (ATP IS REQUIRE)
- ION PUMPS
- MOVE PARTICLES FOR LOW CONCENTRATION TO HIGH CONCENTRATION
- PHAGOCYTOSIS
- IS MOVEMENT OF BACTERIA OR OTHER PARTICLE INTO THE CELL (ACTIVE TRANSPORT)
- INOCYTOSIS
- IS MOVEMENT OF FLUID INTO A CELL (ACTIVE TRANSPORT)
- PASSIVE TRANSPORT
- REQUIRES NO ENERGY TO MOVE SUBSTANCES THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE
- PASSIVE TRANSPORT INVOLVES
- PASSAGE OF SUBSTANCES FROM A HIGH CONCENTRATION TO A LOW CONCENTRATION
- PASSIVE TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES
- MOVE DOWN A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
- DIFFUSION
- IS THE MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES FROM HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION (NO ENERY IS NEEDED)
- OSMOSIS
- ALLOWS PASSAGE FOR SELECTED PARTICLES THROUGH THE MEMBRANE: ALLOWING NURTIENTS ENTRY AND NOT UNWANTED PARTICLES
- FILTRATION
- IS MOVEMENT OF WATER AND SMALL SOLUTE PARTICLES THROUGH A MEMBRANE
- FILTRATION USES
- GREATER PUSHING FORCE ON ONE SIDE FO THE MEMBRANE THAN THE OTHER SIDE (PASSIVE TRANSPORT IE: BLOOD PRESSURE)
- HUMAN CELLS THAT REPRODUCE
- DO SO BY A PROCESS CALLED MITOSIS
- CHROMOSOMES
- MAKE HEREDITY POSSIBLE (DNA)
- EACH DNA MOLECULE
- IS MADE UP OF BASE PAIRS
- A GENE IS
- A SPECIFIC SEGMENT OF THE BASE PAIR
- BASE PAIRS ARE MADE UP
- OF SUGAR AND PHOSPHATE UNITS
- GENETIC CODE
- THE STORE CODE OF INFORMATION IN EACH GENE.
- TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
- THE PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING INFORMATION FROM THE NUCLEUS INTO THE CYTOPLASM.
- IN TRANSCRIPTION THE DNA MOLECULE
- SEPERATES, COPIES AND IS PASSED INTO THE CYTOPLASM
- STAGES OF CELL DIVISION ARE
-
INTERPHASE
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE - IN INTERPHASE THE CELL IS SAID TO BE
- RESTING, ONLY IN THE STANDPOINT OF CELL DIVISION
- PROPHASE
- THE FIRST STAGE OF MITOSIS
- IN THE METAPHASE OF CELL MITOSIS
- THE CHROMOSOMES HAVE ALIGNED THEMSELVES ACROSS THE CENTER OF THE CELL
- ANAPHASE
- THE CHROMOSOMES BREAK APART AND MOVE AWAY FROM THE CENTER FO THE CELL
- TELAPHSE
- CELL DIVISION IS COMPLETE WITH THE APPEARANCE OF TO NUCLEI
- HYPERTROPHY
- IS AN INCREASE IN SIZE OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS
- ATROPHY
- IS DECREASE IN SIZE OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS
- HYPERPLASIA
- IS AN INCREASE IN CELL REPRODUCTION
- ANAPLASIA
- IS THE PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL CELLS
- THE FOUR MAIN KINDS OF TISSUE IN THE HUMAN BODY ARE:
-
EPITHELIAL
CONNECTIVE
MUSCLE
NERVOUS TISSUE - EPITHELIAL TISSUE/CELLS
- ARE PACKED CLOSE TOGETHER AND FORM CONTINUOS SHEETS
- SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
- CONSISTS OF SINGLE LAYER THAT SUBSTANCES CAN READILY PASS THROUGH
- STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
- CONSISTS OF SEVERAL LAYERS USED FOR PROTECTION AGAINST MICROBES
- CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- CONNECTS TISSUE TOGETHER AND FORMS A SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK
- AREOLAR AND ADIPOSE TISSUE
- GIVES FORM TO THE INTERNAL ORGANS
- FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- COMPOSES TENDONS
- BONE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- IS HARD AND CALCIFIED
- BONE
- IS A STORAGE AREA FOR CALCIUM AND ALSO PROVIDES SUPPORT AND PROTECTION
- CARTILAGE
- HAS THE CONSISTENCY OF FIRM PLASTIC
- BLOOD MATRIX
- IS LIQUID AND HELPS TO TRANSPORT AND AND PROTECT
- HEMOPOIETIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- IS FOUND IN THE BONE MARROW AND ORGANS SUCH AS SPLEEN, TONSILS, AND LYMPH NODES
- SKELETAL STRIATED MUSCLE TISSUE
- IS CALLED VOLUNTARY THE WILLED CONTROL OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION
- SKELETAL MUSCLES
- ARE ATTACHED TO BONES
- CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
- FORMS THE WALLS OF THE HEART AND INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTIONS
- SMOOTH MUSCLE
- IS INVOLUNTARY DUE TO IT NOT BEING UNDER CONSCIENCE OR WILLFUL CONTROL
- CONTRACTONS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE
- HELP PROPEL FOOD TRHOUGH THE DIGESTIVE TRACT AND REGULATE THE DIAMETER OF BLOOD VESSELS
- TISSUE
- HAS THE CAPABILITY TO REPAIR OR REGENERATE
- REGENERATION
- THE GROWTH OF NEW TISSUE GROWTH
- SCAR TISSUE
- IS THE RESULT OF LARGE CELL DAMAGE
- VERTICAL INCISION-MEDIAN
-
MIDDLE OF ABDOMEN
ANY ORGAN IN ABDOMINAL CAVITY
REPAIR HERNIAS - PARAMEDIAN
-
VERTICAL TO LEFT OR RIGHT OF ABDOMEN
LOWER LEFT FOR SIGMOID SURGERY
ANY ORGAN IN ABDOMEN