Myology 2

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Name the 3 main classifications of Muscle Tissue: 1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle
Identify the Muscle Tissue: Classification A. Voluntary B. Striated C. Attached to Skeleton D. Contracts quickly in response to stimulation of nerve impulses E. Act in opposing groups- some relaxing while others are contract: Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
Identify the Muscle Tissue: A. Involuntary - Fu organs all have this. B. Found in Viscera - stomach, intestines, blood vessels C. Non-Striated. Cells are spindle shaped D. Contracts slowly on impulse.: Characteristics of Smooth Muscle Tissue
Identify the Muscle Tissue: A. Involuntary B. Heart Muscle C. Partially Striated D. Contracts at moderate speed: Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Four Major Functions of the Muscles:: 1. Assist in movement
2. Produce heat & energy
3. Maintain balance & posture
4. Protect internal organs
Muscles are contained in ______ which is continuous w/ the fibrous structures that attach muscles to the bones or other structures.: Epimysium - a.k.a. Fascia
Muscles must be firmly attached to structures upon which they pull during contraction. (T/F): True
Muscles may attach directly to the ______ of bones or may be attached by _______ or an ______.: 1. periosteum
2. tendons
3. aponeurosis
When the epimysium extends in the form of a strong, tough cord of connective tissue which is continuous w/ w/ the periosteum of the bone, it is called a ___________.: tendon
When the epimysium extends as a broad, flat sheet of connective tissue & attaches to the adjacent structures, it is known as an _________.: aponeurosis
3 main parts of a muscle:: 1. Origin
2. Body or Belly
3. Insertion
3 Characteristic of the muscle origin:: 1. The less movable end of the muscle.
2. Attached to the less movable end of a bone.
3. Usually the end of the muscle closer to the trunk.
The main part of the muscle.: Body or Belly
The muscle attachment on the more movable bone or on the end farther away from the trunk.: Muscle Insertion
The ability of muscle tissue to respond to stimuli.: Irritability
The ability of a muscle to transmit impulses.: Conductivity
The ability of a muscle to lengthen or stretch & hold.: Extensibility
The ability of a muscle to resume former length after a stretching force has been applied to the muscle and then removed.: Muscle Elasticity
The ability of a muscle to contract or shorten & to thicken when a muscle shortens.: Contractility
There is always an ambient tension in the muscle. Even then it is resting. It is a state of readiness to act more easily & quickly when needed.: Tone or Tonus
Continued active use of a muscle causes it to increase in size or ________.: hypertrophy
Which muscles move body parts away from another part or away from the mid-line?: Abductors
Which muscles move a body part toward another part or toward the mid-line?: Adductors
Which muscles lift a part? e.g. elevating the scapula.: Levators
e.g. Levator Scapuli
Muscles that extend a joint & straighten a joint.: Extensors
Muscles that revolve a part on its axis.: Rotators
e.g. rotator cuff muscles
Muscles that make a part more rigid - or that tense a part.: Tensor Muscles
Muscles that turn the palm upwards.: Supinator Muscles
Muscles that turn the palm downwards.: Pronator Muscles
Ring-like muscles that close body openings.: Sphincter Muscles
What are the 2 causes of contraction for skeletal muscles?: 1. Response to natural stimulus from a motor nerve.
2. Response to artificial stimulus such as an electrical current.
Muscles move the body by pulling on the bones. This is known as ________.: locomotion
Muscles that move a body part usually lie (proximal / distal) to the part that they are moving.: proximal
Body movements are coordinated by the action of muscle _________. Any movement is produces by the coordinated actions of _______ muscles.: 1. pairs
2. several
Muscles act in groups. Some of the muscles _______ while others _________.: 1. contract
2. relax
From where to muscles cells get their energy to contract?: Simple Sugars - Glucose
Neck muscles assist in...: moving the head from side to side
flexion of the neck
extension of the neck
rotation of the neck
Back muscles assist in...: Large broad muscles of the back allow the body to bend, turn, & stand erect.
Chest muscles assist in...: respiration
movements of neck, arms, and trunk
Abdomen muscles assist in...: broad muscles of the anterior trunk
assist in:
respiration
elimination of waste from large intestine & bladder.
Located in the floor of the pelvic cavity, these muscles assist in defecation & urination.: Perineal muscles
Orbicularis Oris Orbicularis Oculi Buccinator Masseter: Muscles of the head
Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Platysma: Muscles of the Neck
Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Brachialis: Muscles of the upper arm and upper part of the forearm
Pectoralis Major Serratus Anterior External Intercostals Internal Intercostals: Muscles of the chest
Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi: Muscles of the back
External Obliques Internal Obliques Transverse Abdominis Rectus Abdominis: Muscles of the abdomen
The muscle of respiration....: Diaphragm
Levator Ani Coccygeus: Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
(Perineum)
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus: Muscles of the Lower Extremities
Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Adductors Ham Strings: Muscles of the Thigh
Quadriceps Femoris is composed of ...: Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Rectus Femoris
How many muscles make up the adductors?: Three
The muscles of the ham strings are...: Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendonosus
Gastrocnemius Tibialis Anterior Peronius Longus (Fibularis Longus) Soleus: Muscles of the lower extremities
Extensors and Flexors: Muscles of the forearm
Extensors are posterior
Flexors are anterior
Flexor Digitorum Extensor Digitorum: Muscles of the Foot
Flexor - flexes the toes
Extensor - extends the toes
Muscles that bend a body part are known as: a. extensors b. flexors c. prime movers d antagonists: flexors
Muscles that extend a body part are called: a. extensors b. flexors c. prime movers d antagonists: extensors
The movement required in walking is the results of: a. The relaxation of smooth muscles. b. Energy produced by the cardiac muscle. c. The contraction & relaxation of skeletal muscles. d. food burned by the skeletal muscles: The contraction & relaxation of skeletal muscles.
In cold weather, the brain stimulates the skeletal muscles to produce more heat by causing us to ________.: shiver
Muscle cells get their energy to contract from the oxidation of _________.: glucose
The muscular structure which forms the floor of the pelvis is called the ______. a. peritoneum b. parietal muscle c. mons pubis d. perineum: perineum
Muscles help the veins with the upward movement of blood when they: a. atrophy b. contract c. hypertrophy d. stimulate the nerve endings: contract
The large calf muscle is called the: a. quadriceps b. deltoid c. triceps d. gastrocnemius: gastrocnemius
The large dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic & abdominal cavities is called: a. peritoneal fold b. diaphragm c. intercostal muscle d. inter-thoracic muscle: diaphragm
When muscles have good tone they are: a. completely relaxed & flaccid b. always in a state of partial contraction c. smaller than normal d. permanently contracted: always in a state of partial contraction
As one muscle contracts the antagonist must: a. also contract b. relax c. produce energy d. flex: relax
Bundles of fibers which are held together by connective tissues are: a. cartilage b. ligaments c. bursae d. muscles: muscles
Muscles are attached to bones by: a. ligaments b. bursae c. tendons d. periosteum: tendons
Type of muscle found in the deltoid muscle: a. Voluntary b. Involuntary c. cardiac d. Smooth: Voluntary
Which muscles do you contract when you flex your arm? a. trapezius b. triceps c. pectoral d. biceps: biceps
Which muscles do you relax when you flex your arm? a. trapezius b. triceps c. pectoral d. biceps: triceps

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Number of cards 73