Chapter 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Terms
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- Isomers
- compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and hence different properties
- Structural Isomers
- differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
- Geometric Isomers
- of a molecule have all the same covalent partnerships, but they differ in their spatial arrangements
- Enantiomers
- Molecules that are mirror images of each other
- Hydroxyl Group
- a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule; organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups are called alcohols
- Carbonyl Group
- consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond
- Aldehyde
- an organic compound in which a carbonyl group is attached to one end of a carbon skeleton
- Ketone
- an organic compound in which the carbonyl group is attached to the skeleton somewhere other than the end
- Carboxyl Group
- an organic molecule in which an oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group; compounds containing carboxyl groups are known as Carboxylic acids
- Amino Groups
- compounds that consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton; organic compounds with amino groups are called amines
- Sulfhydryl Group
- the functional group that consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; organic compounds containing an (–SH) are called thiols
- Phosphate Groups
- organic compounds that contain a phosphate ion attached to a carbon skeleton by one of its oxygens