Life Scinec Chapter 10:1-2
Terms
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- All plants are ____________ celled.
- multi
- Most plants contain a green pigment called ______________
- chlorophyll
- ___________ ___________ surrond plant cells nad give them structure.
- cell walls
- What holds plants to the ground so they don't move?
- roots or root-like structures
- Plants are ____________ that have ________ to life on land?
-
eukaryotes
adapted - About _______________ species of plants have been indentified.
- 285000
- Fossils of _________ _________ represent the earliest plants known.
- Rhynia Major
- Rhynia Major had no ________ and thier __________ grew underground.
-
leaves
stems - Plant cells have rigid cell wall in addition to _________ ______________.
- cell membranes
- Cell walls are made of _________ and ______________.
- cellulose and orgnaic compounds of long chains of sugar molecules.
- Cell walls do not only Provide structure and support they keep the cell from __________________.
- drying out
- What is the waxy protective layer called?
- cuticle
- Simple plants require _________ to reporduce.
- water
- What are the advantages to plants living on land?
- More sunlight for photosynthesis and more carbon dioxide
- Plants are classified into ___________.
- divisions
- Divisons have the same level as a ____________ in the Protist Kingdom.
- phylum
- The most simple plants belong to the division __________. Some examples are?
-
Bryophyta
mosses and liverworts - Why do Bryophytes have only a few cells?
- so it is easier for them to absorb water through thier cell walls
- Plants with vessels are ___________ ______________.
- Vascular plants
- Plants without vessels are ______________ ______________.
- nonvascular plants
- Nonvascular plants do not have?
- roots, stems, or leaves
- Instead of growing from seeds Bryphyetes grow from?
- spores
- ____________- is a simple rootless plant that has a flattened, leaf body.
- Moss
- How are mosses held in place?
- by root-like filaments or fibers made up of a few long cells called rhzoids
- A ___________ is a simple, rootless plant that has a flattened leaf-like body?
- liverwort
- How did liverworts get their name?
- because people though they looked like livers
- What did people in the ninth century think liverwort was useful for?
- in the treatment of diseased of the liver thus the last word- wort
- Structures that stick out of moss are called _______- __________________
- moss sporophytes
- Describe a Sporophyte?
- include a stalk and a capsule in which numerous haploid spores are produced
- What happens to the capsule?
- it eventually breaks and the spores are scattered
- A _____________ is the form of a moss plant that produces sex cells.
- gametophyte
- Sometimes a gametophyte poduces only ______ and ____ but it usually produces ________.
-
male
female
both - During a heavy dew of rain the __________ _________ gets splashed onto the _________ ____________.
-
male sperm
female gametophyte - The __________ divides by _______________ to form an embryo
-
zygote
mitosis - The embryo turns into a ______________ and the cycle begin again.
- sporophyte
- Describe alteration of generation?
- alternating between the spore producing phase and sex-cell producing stage
- All plants go through _________ and a __________ stage.
-
diploid
haploid - Mosses and liverworts are among the first plants to grow after?
- fire
- The first plants to grow in new areas are called?
- pioneer plants
- Pioneer plants grow and die and build up plant material needed for?
- survival
- The vascular tissues in seeles vascular plants are made of?
- long tube like cells
- Why can plants with vascular tissue get bigger?
- because thier cells get thier water and nutrients through vascular tissue
- Seedless vascular plants include?
- spike mosses; horsetails, and ferns
- ferns are very ___________ with at least _________ species.
-
abundant
120000 - Club mosses produce spores at the end of the tems in structures that look like tiny?
- pinecones
- One type of club moss is _________________.
- Lycopodium
- Lycopdium is found in the?
- Artic Tropics
- An __________ is a plant that grows on another plant for support.
- epiphyte
- Horsetaisls atems are jointed and have a ____ center surrounded by a ring of ________ ___________.
-
hollow
vascualr tissue - What is silica?
- a gritty substance found in sand when pioneers traveled across the us.
- The largest group of seeless vascular plants is the divison _____________, the __________.
-
Pterophyta
ferns - Fern has leaves that grow above the ground from an undergound stem called the?
- rhizome
- Roots are gown from the rhyizome to?
- anchor the plant to the ground
- The leaf of a fern is called a?
- frond
- Why are young fronds sometimes called fiddle heads?
- because thier curled shapte looks similar to the tops of violins or fiddles
- What are sori?
- strutures on the lower sides of the mature fronds
- What do sotri's look like?
- crusty rust brown or blackish bumps