8th History Wesleyan
Terms
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- surplus
- an extra amount, more than is needed
- national debt
- total sum of money a government owes
- warmonger
- person who tries to stir up war
- trustbuster
- person who wanted to end all trusts
- patronage
- practice of giving jobs to supporters
- sweatshop
- workplace where people labor long hours in poor conditions for low pay
- migrant worker
- agricultural worker who moves with the seasons, planting or harvesting crops
- nativist
- person who wanted to limit immigration and preserve the US for native-born white Protestants
- segregation
- separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
- installment buying
- method of buying on credit
- relief program
- government program to help the needy
- isolationist
- policy of having little to do with the political affairs of foreign nations
- suffragist
- person who campaigned for women's right to vote
- propaganda
- spreading of ideas that help a cause or hurt an opposing cause
- deport
- to expel from a country
- containment
- in the Cold War, the policy of trying to prevent the spread of Soviet or communist influence beyond where it already existed
- initiative
- process by which voters can put a bill directly before the state legislature by collecting signatures on a petition
- injunction
- court order to do or not to do something
- concentration camp
- prison camp for persons who are considered enemies of the state
- corporation
- business that is owned by investors
- reparation
- after a war, payments from a defeated nation to a victorious nation to pay for losses suffered during the war
- monopoly
- company that controls all or nearly all the business of an industry
- muckraker
- journalist who exposed corruption and other problems of the late 1800s and early 1900s
- bootlegger
- person who smuggles liquor into the US during prohibition
- ethnic group
- people who share a common culture
- satellite nation
- country that is dominated by a more powerful nation
- draft
- law requiring certain people to serve in the military
- sitdown strike
- work stoppage in which workers refuse to leave a factory
- speakeasy
- illegal bar that served liquor during the prohibition
- push factor
- condition that encourages people to move away from their homeland
- anarchist
- person who opposes organized government
- graduated income tax
- tax on earnings that charges different rates for different income levels
- bankrupt
- unable to pay debts
- vertical integration
- control of all phases of an industry, from raw materials to finished product
- abdicate
- to give up power
- bureaucracy
- system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials
- stock
- share in a corporation
- fireside chat
- radio speeches given by President Franklin Roosevelt
- czar
- Russian emperor
- exile
- person forced to leave his or her country
- dictator
- ruler who has complete power
- bonus
- additional sum of money
- deficit spending
- government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes
- U-boat
- German submarine
- nationalism
- pride in one's nation
- socialist
- person who supports community ownership of property and the sharing of all profits
- primary
- election in which voters choose their parties candidate for the general election
- escalate
- to build up, increase, or expand activity
- temperance movement
- campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol
- armistice
- agreement to stop fighting
- public works
- projects built by the government for public use
- strikebreaker
- worker hired as a replacement for a striking worker
- capital
- money raised for a business venture
- soup kitchen
- place where food is provided to the needy at little or no charge
- totalitarian state
- country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people
- dividend
- share of a corporation's profit
- steerage
- on a ship, the cramped quarters for passengers paying the lowest fare
- self-determination
- right of national groups to their own territory and forms of government
- civil service
- war between people of the same country
- national park
- natural or historic area set aside and run by the federal government for people to visit
- sabotage
- secret destruction of property or interference with production in a factory or other workplace
- referendum
- process by which people vote directly on a bill
- nationalism
- pride in one's nation
- mutualista
- Mexican American mutual aid group
- laissez faire
- idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs
- communism
- economic system in which all property is ownes by the community
- appeasement
- practice of giving in to an aggressor nation's demands in order to keep peace
- collective bargaining
- right of unions to negotiate with management for workers as a group
- summit meeting
- conference between the highest-ranking officials of different nations
- bull market
- rising stock market
- island hopping
- strategy of Allies in World War II of capturing some Japanese-held islands and going around others
- speculator
- person who invests in a risky venture in the hope of making a large profit
- unemployment insurance
- program that gives payments to people who have lost their jobs until they find work again
- stock
- share in a corporation
- public interest
- the good of the people
- pogrom
- in Eastern Europe, an organized attack on a Jewish community
- pacifist
- person who opposes all wars
- conservation
- protection of natural resources
- nativist
- person who wanted to limit immigration and preserve the US for native-born white Protestants
- quota system
- system that limited immigration by allowing only a certain number of people from each country to immigrate to the US
- aggression
- any warlike act by one country against another without just cause
- kaiser
- German emperor
- bilingual
- in two languages
- affirmative action
- program in areas such as employment and education to provide more opportunities for members of groups that faced discrimination in the past
- suburb
- community located within commuting distance of a city
- glasnost
- Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of speaking out openly and honestly about problems in the Soviet Union
- sit-in
- protest in which people sit and refuse to leave
- kamikaze
- in World War II, a Japanese pilot who carried out a suicidal attack on a target
- annex
- to add on
- guerilla
- soldier who uses hit-and-run tactics
- militarism
- policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war
- epidemic
- rapid spread of a contageous disease among large numbers of people
- repeal
- to cancel or undo
- integration
- bringing together people of different races or ethnic groups
- superpower
- nation with enough strength to influence events in many areas around the world
- pension
- sum of money paid to people on a regular basis after they retire
- trench warfare
- type of fighting in which both sides dig trenches and attempt to overrun the enemies trenches
- collective farm
- a farm or group of farms run by the government, as in a communist state
- martial law
- rule by the army instead of the elected government
- collective bargaining
- right of unions to negotiate with management for workers as a group
- atomic bomb
- powerful nuclear weapon that could destroy an entire city with one bomb
- recall
- process by which voters can remoev an elected official from office
- pull factor
- condition that attracts people to move to a new area
- free enterprise system
- economic system in which businesses are owned by private citizens
- censure
- to officially condemn
- domino theory
- in the Cold War, belief that if South Vietnam became communist, other countries in Southeast Asia would become communist, too
- assimilation
- process of becoming a part of another culture
- free market
- economic system in which individuals decide for themselves what to produce and sell
- recession
- mild depression in which business slows and some workers lose their jobs
- barrio
- neighborhood of Spanish speaking people
- mobilize
- to prepare for war
- trust
- group of corporations run by a single board of directors
- dètente
- easing of tensions between nations
- stalemate
- deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other
- disarmament
- reduction of nation's armed forces or weapons
- illiterate
- unable to read ro write
- blitzkrieg
- German word meaning lightening war; the swift attacks launched by Germany in World War II
- civil disobedience
- nonviolent opposition to a government policy or law by refusing to comply with it
- anarchist
- person who opposes organized government
- company union
- labor organization that was controlled by the company owners