CJ
Terms
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- the formal court appearance which the charges are read and a plea is entered
- Arraignment
- a sum of money or property specified by the judge that is presented as a condition of release.
- Bail
- holding a defendant for trial.
- Preventive Detention
- upheld the Bail Reform Act
- United States v. Salerno
- upheld the practice of plea bargaining.
- Santobello v. New York
- plea bargaining “can benefit all concerned.â€
- Blackledge v. Allison
- plea must be voluntary.
- Boykin v. Alabama
- prosecutors must fulfill their obligations.
- Santobello v. New York
- defendants must fulfill their obligations of the plea bargain.
- Ricketts v. Adamson
- threats to seek more serious charges must be supported by evidence
- Bordenkircher v. Hayes
- sentence overturned because a defendant had been coerced to plead guilty
- People v. Clark
- use of small juries upheld
- Williams v. Florida
- 6 member juries must vote unanimously to convict
- Burch v. Louisiana
- questioning of prospective jurors
- Voir Dire Examination
- removal of a juror because he or she has some bias
- Challenge for Cause
- removal without giving a reason
- Peremptory Challenge
- peremptory challenges cannot be used to exclude because of race or gender
- Batson v. Kentucky
- a writ requesting that a judge examine whether an individual is being properly detained
- Habeas Corpus
- punishment inflicted on a person who has infringed on the rights of others and so deserves to be penalized
- Retribution
- the death penalty, as administered, constitutes cruel and unusual punishment
- Furman v. Georgia
- death penalty laws are constitutional; death not inappropriate sentence in all situations
- Gregg v. Georgia
- rejection of a challenge of Georgia’s death penalty on grounds of racial discrimination
- McCleskey v. Kemp
- execution of the mentally retarded is unconstitutional
- Atkins v. Arizona
- juries must decide whether or not a convicted murderer will receive the death penalty
- Ring v. Arizona
- the 8th Amendment prohibits the execution of the insane
- Ford v. Wainwright
- the court would not allow a 15 year old offender to be executed
- Thompson v. Oklahoma
- the justices upheld the death sentences imposed on 16 & 17 year old offenders
- Stanford v. Kentucky & Wilkins v. Missouri
- the Supreme Court ruled that defendants in capital cases had the right to representation that meets an objective standard of reasonableness
- Strickland v. Washington
- the court declared that an inexperienced lawyer failed to provide adequate representation
- Wiggins v. Smith