USH 1
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- Montezuma
- Aztec chieftan; encountered Cortes and the Spanish and saw that they rode horses; Montezuma assumed that the Soanush were gods. He welcomed them hospitably, but the explorers soon turned on the natives and ruled them for three centuries.
- Renaissance
- After the Middle Ages there was a rebirth of culture in Europe where art and science were developed. It was during this time of enrichment that America was discovered.
- Joint Stock Companies
- These were developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance colonies. Ex. London Company and Plymouth Company.
- Aztecs
- The Azetcs were a Native American Empire who lived in Mexico. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. They worshipped everything around them especially the sun. Cortes conquered them in 1521.
- Treaty of Toredesillas
- In 1494 Spain and Portugal wre disputing the lands of the new world, so the Spainish went to the Pope, and he divided the land of South America for them. Spain got the vast majority, the west, and Portugal got the east.
- Francisco Coronado
- A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.
- Hernando de Soto
- Spanish Conquistador; explored in 1540's from Florida west to the Mississippi with six hundred men in search of gold; discovered the Mississippi, a vital North American river
- Hernan Cortez
- He was a Spanish explorer who conquered the Native American civilization of the Aztecs in 1519 in what is now Mexico.
- Spanish Armada
- "Invincible" group of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England in 1588; Armada was defeated by smaller, more maneuverable English "sea dogs" in the Channel; marked the beginning of English naval dominance and fall of Spanish dominance.
- Pueblo Indians
- The Pueblo Indians lived in the Southwestern United States. They built extensive irrigation systems to water their primary crop, which was corn. Their houses were multi-storied buildings made of adobe.
- Mestizo
- The Mestizos were the race of people created when the Spainish intermarried with the surviving Indians in Mexico.
- Juan Ponce de Leon
- Spanish Explorer; in 1513 and in 1521, he explored Florida, thinking it was an island. Looking for gold and the "fountain of youth", he failed in his search for the fountain of youth but established Florida as territory for the Spanish, before being killed by a Native American arrow.
- Francisco Pizarro
- New World conqueror; Spanish conqueror who crushed the Inca civilization in Peru; took gold, silver and enslaved the Incas in 1532.
- Conquistadors
- Spanish explorers that invaded Central and South America for it's riches during the 1500's. In doing so thay conquered the Incas, Aztecs, and other native americans of the area. Eventually they intermarried these tribes.
- Christopher Columbus
- An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503.
- Marco Polo
- Italian explorer; spent many years in China or near it; his return to Europe in 1295 sparked a European interest in finding a quicker route to Asia.