secular history study guide (people)
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- Ramses I
- Resumed the imperialistic policies of early age kings and passed on to his succesor the beginnings of a renewed empire. Pharoh Egypt New Kingdom XIX dynasty
- Seti I
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Campaigned to reclaim syria
Pharoh Egypt new kingdom xix dynasty - Ramses II
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Had problems with the sea peoples, but his primary enemy was the Hittites (reigned for 67 years)
Pharoh Egypt new kingdom XIX dynasty - Merneptah
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quelled a rebellion in Palestine and repelled attack by Libyans and peoples of the sea.
Pharoh, Egypt New Kingdom XIX dynasty. - Ramses III
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Defeated another wave of peoples of the sea and once again defeated the Libyans.
Pharoh, Egypt New Kingdom XX dynasty. - Nebuchadnezzar I
- Defeated Elamites, but lived under the threat of the Assyrians. King of Babylonia Mesopotomia
- Haremhab
- A general who became Pharoh and sought to remove all traces of Aton (the son god).
- Ay
- The aged adviser and priest of Tutankhamen who ruled for 4 years as pharoh after tut died.
- Tutankhamen
- Son in law of Amenhotep IV who attempted to restore the worship of Amun. Pharoh 18th dynasty
- Ahmose
- started the 18th dynasty drove out the Hyksos, re-conquered northern Nubia and put an end to the authority of the local nobles.
- Thutmos I
- possibly made the decree that all the male infants of the hebrews would be slain, fought in palestine and syria reaching the Euphrates making vassal states. Pharoh Egypt 18th dynasty.
- Thutmose II
- Half brother and husband of Hatshepsut. Pharoh, Egypt 18th dynasty
- Hatshepsut
- Tempting to identify her with the daughter of Pharoh in Exodus 2:5
- Thutmose III
- Conquered Palestine (through the victory at Megiddo) and Syria. Possibly the pharoh of the Exodus. Pharoh Egypt 18th dynasty
- Amenhotep II
- Was on a Military campaign to Syria during the last year of Thutmose III with whom he was co-regent. Pharoh Egypt 18th dynasty
- Thutmose IV
- Succeeded father Amenhotep II though not the oldest son cleared sand and restored the great sphinx of Giza. Pharoh Egypt 18th dynasty
- Amenhotep III
- Diplomat who led his nation to a time of great prosperity and cultural refinement. Pharoh, Egypt 18th dynasty.
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Amenhotep IV
Akenaton - Developed a sun god Aton (monotheism) and built a new capital called Akehaton (later at Tel-el Amarna), but lost influence along eastern mediterranean. Marked the beginning of a decline for Egypt 18th dynasty.
- Hammurabi
- Old Babylonian Conquered all of Mesopotamia and established an excellent administration and codes of laws. 1900-1600 bc
- Manetho
- An egyptian priest(280bc), wrote a history of his country in greek of which fragments have been preserved by Josephus, Julius, Africanus, and Eusibius. He grouped the kings of egypt together from Menes to Artaxerxes III into 30 dynasties
- Menes
- United the two kingdoms of lower and upper egypt with the capital at Thinis. Pharoh Egypt Dynasty I or II
- Zoser
- Founder of the 3rd dynasty built the step pyramid at Sakkara. Pharoh Egypt III dynasty
- Snefu
- Built the Pyramid of Medum and developed navigation. founded dynasty 4 Pharoh Egypt.
- Cheops, Chephren, and Mycerinus
- Erected the 3 colossal Pyramids at Gizeh. Chephren may have built the Sphynx.
- Mentuhotep II, and III
- Pharohs when Abraham visited Egypt.
- Amenemhet I
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Pharoh Egypt, MID King.
Curbed the power of the provincial barons and began the wars of conquest. - Amenemhet II
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Pharoh Egypt, MID King.
Possibly the Pharoh Joseph was enslaved under in Egypt - Sesostris II
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Pharoh Egypt, Mid KING.
Possibly the Pharoh with the dreams that Joseph interpretated - Sesostris III
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Pharoh Egypt, MID KING.
Possibly the Pharoh when Jacob came to Egypt. - Amenemhet III
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Pharoh Egypt, MID KING.
Possibly the Pharoh when Joseph died. - Hiram I
- King of Tyre (1 Kings 9:10-14) Who provided Solomon with craftsmen and materials for his building operations.
- Siamun
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Pharoh Egypt, NEW KING.
21 dynasty.
Perhaps the king of 1 Kings 9:16 who married his daughter to Solomon. - Neolithic
- The stage of development which is markedly the invention and almost universal adoption of four important new features agriculture domesticated animals, pottery, and polished stone tools.
- chalcolithic
- A culture which is still essentially Neolithic in character but in which the metal copper is just beginning to be used without replacing stone as the principal material for implements.
- Early Bronze
- A period when copper or bronze came into general use as a material for tools and weapons.
- Akkad
- Semetic empire that ruled over Akkad, Summer, Elam, assyria and northern syria.
- Hyksos
- A mixed horde consisting of Semetics and Hurrians from Palestine, Syria, and farther north who established two dynasties of rulers.
- Old Babylonian
- The first dynasty of Babylon. The new comers that have come up out of Arabia and into Babylon are probably to be identified with the amorite of the old testament.
- Mari Tablets
- Records of life and times in the old Babylonian period from mari on the Euphrates River, containing names similar to biblical names.
- Kassite
- Major Mesopotamian power which probably originated from a group of Elamite horsemen out of the Zagros MTS.
- Old Assyrian
- An empire consisting of a war-like people who used the zagros mts as their stronghold.
- Hittite (old)
- A fuedal aristocracy in what is modern day Turkey who led victories in North Syria and invaded Iraq.
- Boghaz-Koy tablets
- Tablets from the palace of the Hittite empire. 16th century b.c.
- Tel-el Amarna letters
- International correspondence written in Assyrian on Cuneiform tablets during the times of Amenhotep III and IV from palestinian kings requesting aid.
- Ras shamra Tablets
- Ugaritic religous epic poetry which gives insight into canaanite religion.
- Hittite (new)
- Major power confronting Egypt who lost decisive battle with Rameses II at Kadesh.
- Stele of merneptah
- Hieroglyphic inscription describing Military accomplishments which is the only egyptian inscription to mention "Israel".