Kin 2503: Bsc Athletic Training
Terms
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- thickening of joint capsule, connects bone to bone
- ligament
- connects muscle to bone
- tendon
- Range of motion
- ROM
- collection of fluid in a body cavity or space
- Edema
- collection of clotted blood in a confined space
- Hematoma
- discoloration of skin due to prescence of blood (bruise)
- Ecchymosis
- pain, redness, swelling, and loss of motion
- inflammation
- the prefix for "blood"
- Hem
- the prefix for "bone"
- osteo
- the prefix for "joint"
- arthro
- "cartilage"
- chondro
- "muscle"
- myo
- "itis"
- inflammation
- The skins consists of how many layers? their names?
- two layers; epidermis & dermis
- friction between 2 surfaces causes these
- blister
- friction one side with more friction (scrape)
- abrasion
- purposely done precision cut (usually done by professional)
- incision
- like incision, but with jagged or irregular edges (usually NOT done professionally)
- laceration
- when a "chunk" of tisue has been displaces/removed
- avulsion
- insect's stings, snake bites single object penetrates skin
- puncture wound
- two objects collide and compression related injury i.e. leads to ecchymosis
- contusion
- looking at the side of a human body the front is called
- anterior
- looking at the side of a human body the back is called
- posterior
- looking at a human body, the top half is called
- superior/cranial
- looking at a human body, the bottom half is called
- inferior/caudal
- looking at a human body, the part on the leg, arm or wherever farthest from the the heart is? closest?
- distal; proximal
- group formed by muscle and tendons
- musculotendinous unit
- term for when muscle is stretched beyond range of motion (ROM) injury to fibers
- Strain
- Inflammation of the tendon
- Tendonitis
- Inflammation of the muscle tendon sheath
- tenosynovitis
- formation of bone within the muscle
- myositis ossificans
- what causes myositis ossificans?
- repetitive contusions, less often due to deep muscle strain
- what is the fluid filled sac that helps to reduce friction between structures, located throuhgout body
- bursa
- when the bursa develops localized swelling
- bursitis
- when a joint is forced beyond normal anatomical limits. the ligaments and/or joint capsule is torn
- sprain
-
partial or complete disassciation of the joint surfaces
-spontaneously returns to normal
-damage to joint worsens every time - joint sublaxation
-
disassociation of joint surfaces that result in deformity
-definite damage to joint structures - joint dislocation
- hyaline cartilage that lines a bone's joint surface
- articular cartilage
- what does Osteocondral defect?
- chunk is taken out (of cartilage*)
- osteocondritis dissecans
- articular cartilage is inflammed and disentigrating
- general course of aging (normally occurs in 60s-70s
- osteoarthritis
- premature hardening and hardening of joints and get larger. due to articular cartilage wearing away and calcium (bone) builds up instead
- rheumatoid arthritis (disease)
- how are fractures classified?
-
-location
-magnitude of fx line
-shape & direction of fx
-duration of onset - when the osteoclastic activity is higher than the osteoblastic activity, chronic condition, changes in routine activity
- stress fractures
-
the tearig away of ligament or tendon/muscle attachment at bone
-forceful, acute injury - avulsion fractures
- compression of nerve by fluid or structures (Carpal Tunnel)
- Entrapment
- stretching of nerve that causes transient symptoms
- neuropraxia
- complete disruption of nerve
- neurotmesis
-
-ionizing radiation penetrates tissues
-radiation is absorbed or dispersed
-which structure absorbs most radiation - radiograph: x-rays
- assist in evaluation of ligament
- stress x-rays
-
injected radio-opaque dyes are absorbed by tissues and appear on radiograph
-arthrograms, myelograms, angiograms - contrast imaging
-
-multiple radiographs taken that produce a 2-D image of tissue density (slices)
-most commonly used on brain - Computed Tomography (C.T.)
-
body is subjected to magnetic field and bombarded with radio waves
(best tool to determine specific pathogen)
-energy released by tissue is detected
-clearly portrays soft tissue, fluid, and bones - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
-
radioactive tracer injected into area and absorbed by osteoblastic/osteoclastic bone zones
-tracers emit darkened spot on image; only applicable to bones - bone scan
-
-measures sound wave reflextions
-creates 2-D image
-most commonly used in hearts, fetus, internal organs - ultrasonic imaging
-
refers to frequency with which specific injury occurs
-point toward risk factors that make a particular sport a high-risk endeavor for some - Epidemiology
- what are some methods used to determine high risk sports?
- injury surveys, injury trends, surfaces, equipment, and rule changes
- What components does teh pre-participation physical examination consist of?
- history, physical exam, diagnostic testing
- The purpose of Pre-participation physical exams?
-
identifies at risk people
-key prophylactic tool
-decreases legal liability - what does the term "slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
-
-growth plate weakens during rapid skeletonl growth
-stress of body weight causes slippage - An avascular necrois on the femoral head. rest and surgery are most common options
- legg-calve'-perthes disease
- abnormal enlargement of tibial tuberosity
- osgood schlatter
- what are a few guidelines set forth about child safety in the wight room.
- supervide b y well trained adult at all times; proper and safe equipment.
- when a woman has an abscence of her menstual cycle
- amenorrheea
- decrease in bone mass and strenth
- the menstrual cycle is absent
- what are the key elements of the female triad?
-
-amenorrhea
-osteoporosis
-disordered eating -
neurological disorder characterized by seizures, -athletic particion beneficial.
-no additional risk factors
-do not give food/drink or put objects in mouth - epilepsy
-
lack of insulin production or absorption
-no additional risk factors
-notify personnel and physician
-adjust insulin lvls accordingly
- hypoglycemia most common occurence during activity - Diabetes
-
-chronic condition that restricts airflow
-proper medications can control
-no limitations, if asthma is under control
-check with physician to get proper medications - asthma
-
-bronchial constriction that onloy occurs as result of exercise
-asthma like symptoms, but not asthma
-medication and changes in routine should control
-check with physician to get proper medication
-common in cold, dry air
-usua - exercise induced asthma
-
-disorder of the collagen tissues
-high risk of aorta rupture or damage to heart valves
-must obtain physician clearance
-more common in african americans, arms longer than legs - Marfan Syndrome
-
-congenital Murmers
-myocarditis
-cardiomyopathy
-must get clearance from cardiologist to participate
-irregular blood flow that - heart abnormalities
-
-parental/peer pressures
-participation anxiety
-eating disorders
(anorexia/bulimia) - psychological risk factors
- can psychological stress cause injury?
-
your immune system weakens and can lead to sickness
-less focused