Social Psych Ch. 12
Terms
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- voir dire
- the pretrial examination of prospective jurors by the judge or opposing lawyers to uncover signs of bias
- peremptory challenge
- a means by which lawyers can exclude a limited number of prospective jurors without the judge's approval
- scientific jury selection
- a method of selecting juries through surveys that yield correlations between demographics and trial-relevant attitudes
- death qualification
- a jury-delection procedure used in capital cases that permits judges to exclude prospective jurors who say they would not vote for the death penalty
- polygraph
- a mechanical instrument that records physiological arousal from mutiple channels; it is often used as a lie-detector test
- weapon-focus effect
- the tendency for the presence of a weapon to draw attention and impair a witness's ability to identify the culprit
- cross-race identification bias
- the tendency for people to have difficulty identifying members of a race other than their own
- misinformation effect
- the tendency for false postevent infromation to become integrated into people's memory of an event
- jury nulification
- the jury's power to disregard, or "nullify", the law when it conflicts with personal conceptions of justice
- leniency bias
- the tendency for jury deliberation to produce a tilt towards acquittal
- sentencing disparity
- inconsistency of sentences for the same offense from one judge to another
- adversarial model
- a dispute-resolution system in which the prosecution and defense present oppoising sides of the story
- inquisitional model
- a dispute-resolution system in which a neutral investigator gathers evidence from both sides and presnts the findings in court