History 2233-Test 1-Vocab Terms

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

muzhik: - peasants
- consist aprox. 97% of pop.
knout: - beating stick with leather strings attached with sharp long nails at the end
- used to beat the senses into muzhik or anybody else who balked at authority
Herzen: - exiled in Switzerland
- travelled throughout Europe trying to get ppl to revolt vs. their governments
- seen as Father of Anarchism
Lavrov: - Peter Lavrov
- active in Paris
anarchism: - no government rule
"going to the people": - popular movement to change social landscape from static state of society
proxy war: - war where 2 powers use 3rd parties as a sub. for fighting each other directly
Golden Horde: - medieval Mongolians that controlled Russia back then
- collected taxes
- tribes of Russia didn't like their rule, but they were disunited to do anything
Romanovs: - imperial dynasty of Russia
Ivan III or Ivan the Great: - married niece of last emperior of Byzantium (Eastern Roman Empire) = importance of religion
- proclaimed Moscow to be '3rd Rome'
3rd Rome: - aka Moscow
- Ivan the Great proclaimed this place due to linkage with Eastern Roman Empire
Ivan the IV or Ivan the Terrible: - known as terrible after decapitating son's head during a family gathering
Peter I (the Great): - 1st to be personally educated (literate)
- travelled abroad
- brought modernization into Russia
- built new capital: St. Petersburg
- codified laws to make it unison
What are the 2 ways to spell tsar?: tsar (Am)
czar (GB)
fluiteship: - type of ships that were built with one blueprint only (from Rotterdam, Holland)
modernization/westernization: - adapting ideas/customs of western society
St. Petersburg: - new capital that Peter the Great built for himself besides Moscow
Old Believers: - headquarters in Moscow
- from clergy (ultra-conservative)
- peaceful opposition
- objected to westernization b/c fear of secularization
secularization: - separation of society from religious institutions
Peter III: - relative that took over after Peter the Great
- wanted to be great too but a 'nerd'/blundering
- when failure occurs, blames other ppl.
- indecisive (says one thing & then another)
Sophia/Catherine II (the Great): - German princess
- became great, during Age of Enlightenment/Reason
- modernized Russia
- invested large $ in intellectuals (offspring of nobility)
- opened Hermitage (museum)
- French as court language
- corresponds with Voltaire
- created Russia's 1st German literary
- despised son Paul & distanced herself from him
- took hold of 2 grandchildren
Enlightenment: - intellectual movement that advocates Reason (obtain objective truth about universe)
Age of Reason: - start of modern philosophy
Hermitage: - museum institution started by Catherine the Great
Voltaire: - French enlightenment writer
- admired by Catherine the Great
Koskova: - an estate located away from St. Petersburg in which Paul & his newlywed is to stay, courtesy of catherine the Great
Alexander: - represented Russia during Congress of Vienna
Nicholas: .
Paul the I: - succeeded Catherine the Great to the throne after her death
- replaced ppl linked to his mother with mentally ill ppl in their posts
- went along with Napoleon's continental system, but then Russia suffered in trade with England
- killed in the end by unhappy nobility
pauper's corner: - corner of cemetery where ppl. of no fixed address and unknowns are buried
French Revolution: - tumultuous time during France where there is an uprising against the nobility
- notions of equality & freedom
Napoleon: - initially conducted warfare for French Rev. gov't
- bestowed himself, Counsel of France
- then called himself emperor
- wanted all of Europe
- placed relatives in control of conquered areas
Counsel of France: - used like Roman Empire system
- used 3 instead of 2 magistrates, in times of crisis, one can rise to become a dictator
continental system: - conquered & controlled areas are barred from trade with Britain
continental blockade: - Br. navy cuts off any shipping destined to Europe & any from getting out
regicide: - killing of ruler
patricide: - killing of father
Borku (Sweden): - place where Alexander met Napoleon regarding foreign policy
- result: cut off trade with Eng.
Le Grand Armee: - consisted mainly of Frenchmen & places under Fr. control
- process: every region was ordered to furnish certain % of male pop. and if not, ppl in control are to shoot important figures
Orsha (Russia): - meeting point of Le Grand Armee
Smolensk: - gathering of Le Grand Armee to attack Moscow
- August 24, 1812
scorch-earth policy: - tactic used by Russian soldiers vs. Le Grand Armee by burning anything on land of value/sustainment to them
Diary of a Napoleonic Soldier: - diary written by a soldier part of Le Grand Armee that details the retreat & conditions they endured
Battle of Nations: - most decisive defeat suffered by Napoleon
- largest conflict in Europe before WWI
Leipzig: - city in Germany
- where Battle of Nations were fought
King of Elba: - an island of Italy
- became king here, largely requested by Alexander
St. Helena: - distant island in S. Pacific where Napoleon was sent into exile after escaping from Elba, Italy
Congress of Vienna: - dedicated to stamping out dangerous ideas put into circulation by Fr. Rev.
- & political re-orientation of Europe
- consisted of: GB (Castlereagh), Austria (Emp. Joseph), Prussia (K. William), Russia (Alexander), & Fr. (Talleyrand)
Castlereagh: - representative of GB that took part of Congress of Vienna
King William: - representative of Prussia that took part in Congress of Vienna
Tallyrand: - represented France during Congress of Vienna
- politician that survived Fr Rev. & Napoleonic Wars
Count Metternich: - Austria foreign minister
- firm believer in God, Emperor & Conservatism
- phobia of Congress & 'deviating ideas'
- employed spies to spy on Austria high society & house cleaners for reps. during COngress of Vienna
- employed Mozart aggressively, but unknowingly spread the ideas that he very much feared through his music
"God, emperor & conservatism": .
Concert of Europe: - anti-Napoleonic alliance
- prevent outbursts ex. Fr. Rev.
Mozart: - from Vienna
- did the Magic Flue
- part of Freemasons
- popular musician
The Magic Flute: - by Mozart
- contained ideas that were played over and over by Count Metternich unwittingly
Freemasons: - Europe's secret society
- pledge to enlightenment of ppl. regardless of social status
- pledge for academic freedom
Grand Duchy of Europe/Warsaw: - Polish state established by Napoleon
Sejm: - Polish parliament
governor-general: - governor of high rank that's royally appointed
Constantine: - youngest brother that spurned czar position
- positioned over in Poland
Arakchejev: - czar's advisor
- started military colonies
military colonies: - forceful resettlement of families & peasants to border areas whre they build model villages of farming & also guard duty
- located in border areas deemed unsecure esp. Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Dekabristy (Decembrists movement): - started in 1815
- under a diff. heading of earlier birth: Union of Salvation
- consisted of military officers
Union of Salvation: - secret political society consisting of military officers
- split into Northern Society (Petersburg) & Southern Society (Baku)
Northern society: - has a dream-like of 'happily ever after'
- located at St. Petersburg (so being more cautious)
- committed to change in Russian systems
Southern society: - away from places of power & more colourful
- Pestel comes from here
Baku: - place where Southern society of Union of Salvation headquarters is located
Pestel: - came from Southern society of Union of Salvation
- bright but hyperactive
- military strategist that worked for Napoleon then switched sides to Russia
- Pole
- wants republicanism instead of monarchy
republicanism: - Pestel's idea of wanting vote to occur, but restricted to those who own properties or paid min. amount of taxes
- opposition of monarchy; liberty & rule of ppl
monarchy: - ruled by one at head: ruler
Patriach: - head leader of church
- linked to keeping written document of Constantine's resignation as czar that is placed there
Kiev (Ukraine): - place in Ukraine where there is a 3rd Patriach located; others are Moscow & St. Petersburg
Decembrists: - referral to uprising of Russian military soliders vs. czar rule in the month of December
Peter & Paul: - name of St. Petersburg's infamous prison complex where many Decembrists were plunked in
Little Father: - another term for czar
running the gauntlet: - those who had strikes vs. them in military colonies, have to strip down to their undergarments & run through lined up villagers on either side (armed with whips & sticks) to beat on them
- if villagers didn't go hard enough, they'd be added too
state council: - consequence of Decembrist revolt, Alexander created this that is like Canada's cabinet: portfolios assigned & head by chosen individuals, whom report to him & only him
- within, 3rd Department is created
3rd Department: - internal security organization
- led by Count Benkendorf
Count Benkendorf: - led 3rd Department (KGB)
Nihil Obsta: - line written in inside of title pages that indicates it was approved by Catholic Church, otherwise if not, it would be on the index of banned books
Samizdat: - spawned from 3rd Department
- production of 'private copying' where forbidden texts are copied by hand & passed on to 'safe' individuals for reading
- access for those who wanted forbidden literature
Ukaze: - Nichola's decree for educational institutions to have taught curriculums to have the approval of Church leaders
mir: - village community
head: - oldest male of household in village
- in charge of payment & collecting taxes
- knew where agricultural allocations are located from previous parents
- knows requirements of village ex. food
- takes part in village meetings of land allocations
tvor: - agricultural district outside of Moscow
icon: - depiction of a holy person of worship (located in corner of house)
village priest: - sent out to live among villagers
- rely on them to take care of his fields
What was the objective of the Concert of Vienna in 1814?: .
Who where the 4 big powers that took part in the Concert of Vienna?: .
What was Alexander's contribution to the Concert of Vienna?: .
What was the major event/movement that took place in 1825?: .
What was the objective of the Decembrist Movement?: .
Which group controlled Russia in the medieval times?: .
What occurred in the 1400's in Russia?: .
In 1462, how was Ivan III considered Ivan the Great?: .
What was the significance in Ivan III marrying the niece of the last emperor of Byzantium?: .
What is another term for Moscow?: .
How did Ivan IV become Ivan the Terrible?: .
What were the contributions/achievements under Peter I (the Great)?: .
What is special about Rotterdam's ships?: .
What is the importance in Peter I being literate?: .
What resulted after Peter I's return abroad from Europe?: .
What city was the first planned capital in the world?: .
What group was in opposition of Peter I's reign?: .
What did Peter I do with the laws in Russia?: .
What happened to Peter I in 1762?: .
What were the 'qualities' of Peter III?: .
What period was Russia in when Catherine the Great entered the throne?: .
What were Catherine the Great's achievements and contributions?: .
Who was the French philosopher that Catherine the Great admired?: .
Catherine the Great is fluent in what court language?: .
Which project that Catherine opened up but then shut down later on?: .
Who were the 2 grandchildren that Catherine had taken away from Paul?: .
Who succeeded Catherine the Great's throne?: .
Who succeeded Peter I?: .
Who succeeded Ivan III?: .
Who succeeded Ivan IV?: .
What did Paul I do upon succeeding Catherine's throne?: .
What major event occurred in another country during Paul's reign?: .
What positions does Napoleon claim?: .
What two areas in Europe does Napoleon want but cannot have & why?: .
What system does Napoleon apply to England that all conquered regions are to follow?: .
What was Britain's response to Napoleon's continental blockade?: .
Why was it difficult for Russia to adhere to a main foreign policy with France?: .
What were the results upon Alexander's ascension to the throne?: .
What was the nobility's price upon Alexander's reign?: .
What was France's response to Russia's 'waivering' foreign policy?: .
Which country contributed the most soldiers to Le Grand Armee & why?: .
Which region was the assembly point of Le Grand Armee?: .
What was Russia's response to Le Grand Armee's advance?: .
Which place did Le Grand Armee gather before the big attack on Moscow?: .
What happened to Moscow before Napoleon got there?: .
What were the consequences of Moscow being burnt?: .
What were the advantages for the Russian army upon Le Grand Armee?: .
What was the name of the memoir that recorded Le Grand Armee's retreat?: .
What was the major event of 1813 & where? What were the consequences?: .
What was Napoleon & France's punishment at the end result?: .
What were the connotations of the French Revolution?: .
Who was the 'most active' at the Concert of Vienna & why?: .
What was Russia's reward for defeating Napoleon & why?: .
What is wrong with Mozart's The Magic Flute?: .
What was Warsaw's other alias?: .
To whom does the Russian peasantry owe allegiance to?: .
To whom did Alexander addressed when he visited Warsaw?: .
What were the results of Alexander's visitation to Warsaw?: .
Who is in charge of Poland post-Napoleonic period?: .
What were the consequences upon the Russian soldiers' return home after Napoleonic wars?: .
Who was the advisor to Catherine, Paul, and then to Alexander?: .
What was the punishment for disobeying in a military colony?: .

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 150