21Japan Economics Unit Part 2
Terms
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- What is Japan's native religion?
- Shinto - it means the way of the gods.
- Why is Japan called the land of the rising sun?
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(1) It is Farthest East Asia
(2) The Emperor's Yamato clan claims to be descended from the Sun Goddess Ameratsu. - What large neighbor was the source of lots of early cultural borrowing in early Japanese history?
- CHINA.
- What religion came from China through Korea and gradually mixed with Shinto?
- Buddhism.
- What did Japanese diplomats bring back from T'ang dynasty China?
- Written language, dress, food, rituals and beliefs.
- In 604, Japanese Prince Shotoku Taishi created a central authority based on laws related to what to what Chinese ideas?
- Confucian ideas of social order and government.
- What was the name of the Chinese style first capital of Japan?
- Nara (710 CE).
- What was the second capital in Japan founded in 794 and the name of a great period of Japanese cultural flourishing?
- Heian (794 CE).
- Who were Japanese Heian figures Sei Shonagon and Murasaki Shikubu?
- Sei Shonagon was a poet who wrote about court life in The Pillow Book. Murasaki Shikubu wrote the Tales of Genji (the world's first novel that told of life among court nobles).
- During the Heian period, the emperor ruled the city, but who ruled in the countryside?
- The great clans (uji).
- By the 11th Century, the imperial (emperor's) court power crumbled and a miliary family rose to power. What was their name?
- Fujiwara. This family controlled the country and ste up feudal estates.
- What is the name for the feudal lords of Japan in the 11th century?
- Daimyos (DAI-MEE-yos)
- What was the name for the vassal knights who served their feudal lords?
- Samurai.
- What was the name of the chief military commander of all Japan?
- Shogun.
- From top to bottom, what are the four social classes of feudal Japan?
- Samurai, Peasants, Artisans, Merchants.
- Around 1000 CE, agricultural revolution caused population growth and Japanese began to live in what areas?
- Urban or City areas.
- What is the name for the code of honor or chivalry that Japanese samurai lived and died by?
- Bushido - the Way of the Warrior.
- After a Civil War in Japan in the 12th century, who became Shogun and set up military alliances of daimyo?
- MINAMOTO YORITOMO (119201199) became SHOGUN.
- What did the Emperor's position become?
- A symbolic leader - a figurehead with no real power.
- What blends into the Honor Code of Bushido?
- Chivalry, Confucian military discipline, and Zen Buddhist concentration.
- What happened when the Yuan (Mongol) Emperor of China, Kublai Khan, tried to invade Japan with his ships?
- Twice his fleets were sunk by violent taifuns that legend calls kamikaze (divine winds).
- In 1603, a new family rose to power out of one feudal clan or family. Who were they?
- The Tokugawa Shogunate.
- Where did the Tokugawa Shogun move the capital in Japan?
- Edo (TOKYO)
- How did the Tokugawa Shogun keep order and peace in his society?
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(1) Centralized feudalism
(2) Hostage system - all daimyos had to keep their families in the shogun's castle, and they themselves lived there much of the time. - In 1639, the Tokugawa Shoguns made clear that they would no longer tolerate Christianity and foreign influences . . . what laws did they pass?
- The Tokugawan Seclusion Acts. These laws outlawed Christianity, ordered Japanese living abroad never to return, and foreigners to leave Japan.
- What was the only port that still allowed foreigners to come and trade, although closely guarded?
- Nagasaki.
- How did society change under the Tokugawa Isolation Period?
- Japanese society became static and social classes became hereditary.
- Although trade outside of Japan was forbidden, how did the economy change?
- (1) trade within Japan grew and flourished. (2) urbanization continued. (3) merchants, though the bottom class, grew rich providing goods for the daimyo.
- Name two theater forms that developed in Tokugawa Japan.
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NOH Theater (Zen Buddhist themes, masks, pantomime)
KABUKI Theater (comedy, drama, music) - What poetry form developed in Tokugawa Japan?
- Haiku.
- What happened to Japan during the Tokugawa Shogun period (compared to Western Europe and USA - the West)?
- It fell behind and became old fashioned. The Samurai weren't needed as warriors and became administrators and philosophers.