Western Civ - Unit 1
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- Name the 5 levels of cavemen and their time frame.
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Homohabilis - 2,000,000 - 1,600,000
Homoerectus - 1,600,000 - 300,000
Archaichomosapiens - 300,000 - 125,000
Neanderthal - 125,000 - 40,000
Homosapiens - 40,000 - now - Name the 1st caveman and time frame
- Homohabilis - 2,000,000 - 1,600,000
- Which level of caveman was becoming more erect, but still walking stooped?
- Archaichomosapiens 300,000 - 125,000
- When was the first experience of fire?
- Approx 400,000 BC
- Name the 4 customes for the dead, by the Neanderthals
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1. Double position (fetal)
2. Painting iwth Ochre (element of iron ore)
3. Buried close to fire
4. Buried food with person - Times of the Paleolith and what aka?
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Paleolith aka Old Stone
Lower Paleolith - 2,000,000 - 30,000
Upper Paleolith - 30,000 - 10,000 - Period after Paleolith (Old Stone Age)
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Mesolithic - Middle Age
10,000 - 7,000 - Times of the Neolith and what aka?
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aka New Stone Age
begins at 7,000 BC - Name the 3 metal ages after/during the Neolith (New Stone Age)
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Copper Age - 6,000 - 4,500
Bronze Age - 5,000 - 2,000
Iron Age - 2,000 - ..... - We believe that the caveman began where?
- South Africa - Oldivai
- Tool Collection?
- Oldivain
- Most advanced tool collection
- Mousterian
- Neanderthal built what with tools?
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1. Shelter
2. Basketry
3. Pottery
4. Weaving - Two areas of Mesopotamia?
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Northern Meso - Assyria
Southern Meso - Babylonia - Regions of Babylonia?
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(Southern Mesopotamia)
1. Akkad (Semetic) - Lang derived from the desert
2. Sumer (Indo Eurompean) - Lang not desert based. - Writing begins where?
- Sumer - located in the region of Babylon, southern Mesopotamia.
- What area dominated Mesopotamia?
- Sumer (Indo-Europeans)
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Two rivers in Mesopotamia?
One river in Egypt -
Euphrates & Tigris
Nile - Natural resource of Egypt
- Papyrus tree (Meso does not have)
- Early writing was predominantly what style? When & Where did it begin?
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Predominantly Pictographic
Began in Sumer in 3500 BC - Time period of the Theocracy?
- 3500-2500 BC
- Birth place of Abraham?
- Ur
- Major Sumerian cities?
- Ur, Lagash, Erech, Umma
- Time period of 1st Dynasty of Ur and its ruler?
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2525 - 2425
Mesannepado - Which 2 cities fight after the 1st dynasty of Ur collapses?
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Lagash & Umma
Lagash will win - leg by Eannatum - Describe Theocracy
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Time period prior to the 1st Dynasty of Ur where priests controlled cities by controlling the land.
3500 - 2500 BC - Who is Eannatum
- Led Legash to victory over Umma after the fall of the 1st Dynasty of Ur.
- What is the "Stele of the Vulture"
- Sculpture of pure stone to commemorate Eannatum (ruler of Lagash after the fall of the 1st dynasty of Ur.)
- Who is Urkagina?
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Brought first LAW CODE
1st social reformer in history. - Lagash rules Umma when?
- Lagash defeats Umma approx 2425. Rules Umma till 2350, when Umma attacks and defeats Lagash.
- "Luga" means what?
- King
- Who is Lugalzaggisi?
- Ruler of Umma - led Umma to attack and defeat Lagash in 2350 BC
- Who conquers Lugalzaggisi and when?
- Sargon conquers Lugalzaggisi and rules from 2340 - 2150.
- Who is Sargon?
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Ruler of Umma - 2340 - 2150.
Establishes semetic dynasty - Who is Guti?
- Ruled after Sargon in 2150 - 2130 BC
- 1st major ruler of the 3rd dynasty of Ur
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Ur - Nammu
Controlled Sumer & Akkad (s. meso, aka Babylonia)
Deemed a God when dies - Grandson of Sargon?
- Naron - Sim
- First writing? Wet clay - impressed pictures.
- Cuneiform
- System of writing - 3 languages?
- Behistun Rock
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Unlocks Egyptian history
Found near the city of Rosetta
Several languages - Rosetta Stone
- Belief in the existence of spirits separable from the body.
- Animism
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Male figure
Represents the earth - An
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Female figure
represents heaven - Ki
- An & Ki create human race & Gods & Goddesses
- Anunnaki
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Mesopotamian God - 2600 BC
Enforcer of Anunnaki - Enlil
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The mesopotamian god that didn't want to die.
Ruler of Uruk - Gilgamesh
- Sumerian flood legend
- Ziusuda
- Religious ancient structure in Mesopotamia. Step structure.
- Zigguart
- Wall around the ziggurat
- Ekur
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Semetic people living in Mesopotamia.
Troublesom nomads believed to be one of the causes of the downfall of the 3rd dynasty of Ur - Amorities
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Started the Amorites
Ruler of the 1st dynasty of Babylon
Extensive Law Code
Established Old Babylonia - Hammurabi
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New deity created by Hammurabi
Replaced Enlil
Ghief God of Babylon
Called himself King of the 4 quarters - Marduk
- 3 peoples during the fall of the old Babylonia dynasty.
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Hittites
Mitanni
Kassites - Who rules Hittites?
- Suppililiumas
- Who ruled the Mitanni
- Tushratta
- Who ruled the Kassites
- Harmhab
- When was the fall of the Old Babylonia dynasty
- 1550 - 1350 BC
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Ruler of Egypt
Creates Supreme deity - Monotheism
aka Amenhotep iv - Akhnaton - 1353 - 1336
- Ruler of the Hittites - after Suppililumas
- Tabarna the Sun
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Ancient capital of the Hittites
Approx 300 acres - #'s of gates for protection - Hattusas
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1st king of unified Egypt
believed to be the first pharaogh of Egypt.
menes - upper & lower egypt - Narmer
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3100 - 2700 BC
1st part of Egyptian history
Pulling together - political power, pharaoh's - Early Egyptian dynasty
- 2 Major Egyptian cities
- Memphis & Thebes
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2700 - 2200 BC
Pyramid building period
Pharaoh on top of system - Old Egyptian Kingdom
- Stages of Egyptian History
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2200 - 2000 = 1st Intermediate
2000 - 1800 = Middle Kingdom
1800 - 1600 = 2nd Intermediate
1600 - 1100 = New Kingdom
1100 - 525 = Post New Kingdom - Types of Egyptian Burial
- Shallow grave, Bricked in, Mastaba, Zoser Step Pyramid, Angle Pyramid (Snefru)
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Known by the Greeks as "Cheops"
Builder of the great pyramid - Khufu
- Where the rock came from to build the great pyramid
- Scarp
- Most ancient and primative of all Egyptian writing systems.
- Hieroglyphic
- Cursive style of writing
- Hieratic
- More cursive and simplified system than Hieratic writing
- Demotic
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Hawk God
Son of Osirus - Horus
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Sun God
Patron deity - Amon Re
- People attach to animal deities in areas where they lived
- totenism
- Concept of Heaven somewhere in the west.
- Field of rushes
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One of the most important gods of ancient Egypt.
Double god - God of Fertility & God of the dead.
Father of Horus
Husband if Isis - Osiris
- Soul stays with the person through life. Birth
- Ka
- Soul in a dead person
- Ba
- Next in power to the pharaoh.
- vizier
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Crowns worn by the pharaoh?
Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt
Upper & Lower Egypt? -
White - Upper
Red - Lower
Double Crown - Upper & Lower -
Agricultural Laborer
Free but not completely, at the bottom yet still not a slave. - Serf
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Introduced Horse & chariot & various tools.
1700 - 2nd intermediate - Hyksos
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Capital of Hyksos empire. Lower Egypt political capital.
1600 national revolution - Avaris
- 4 pharaoh's of Egypt - after Hyksos is defeated?
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1. Akmes 1570 - 1545
2. Amenhotep I - 1545 - 1525
3. Thothmes I - 1525 - 1505
Hatshepsut - 1505 - 1490
Thothmes II
4. Thothmes III - 1490 - 1450 -
King of Egypt - 1390 - 1353
Had as many as 365 wives.
Ty is the chief wife. - Amenhotep III
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aka Akhnaton
creates supreme deity as an expression of monotheism.
established new monotheistic cult of Aton. - Amenhotep IV
- Meaning God - this suffix is added to many names such as pharaoh's.
- Aton
- Married to Akhnaton
- Nefertiti
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New city symbolic of new religion - Aton.
Akhnaton transferred the capital of Egypt from Thebes to here.
Gave Egypt new direction to God. - Akhetaton
- Home of the King
- House of Life
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Reign marked last peak of Egyptian imperal power.
Constructed Abul Simbel (most prestigous pharaoh temple.
Rec'd bravery medal for the battle of Kadesh. - Rameses II - 1290 - 1225 BC
- Won the Battle of the Sea People
- Ramesis III 1198 - 1167 BC