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history 1st pd

Terms

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Columbian Exchange
the global transfer of plants,animals,and diseases that occured during the European colonization of the America
artifact
human made object,such as a tool,weapon, or piece of jwelery.
Neolitic Revolution
The major change in human life caused by the beginnings of farming
Civilization
a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers,complex institutions, record keeping, n advance technology.
theocracy
a government in which ruler is viewed as a divine figure
tyrant
a powerful individual who gained control of a city-states government by appealing to the poor for support.
specialization
the development of skills a in a particular kind of work, such as trading or record keeping
Neolithic Age
a prehistoric period that began abot 8000BC during which people learned to polish stones.
monotheism
a belief in a single god.
Persian War
a series of wars in the fifth centuryBC in which greek city-states battled the persian empire
trojan war
a war,fought around 1200 B.C, in which an army led by Mycenean kings attacked the independent
Mestizao
a person of mixed spanish and Native American ancestry
Democracy
A government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives.
Crop Rotation
the system of growing a different crop in a field year to preserve the furtillity of the land
Plebian
One of the common farmers,artisians, and merchants who made up most of the population.
Barter
form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without the use of money.
Simony
the selling or buying of a position in a christian church
pax romana
a period of peace nd prosperity throughout thoman Empire,lasting from 27 B.C to A.D. 180
Factors of production
the resources including land,labor,and capital- that are needed to produce goods and services
scribe
one of the proffesional record keepers in early civilizations
middle passage
the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America, to be sold as slaves
vassal
in reudal europe,a person who recieved a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services
Industrial revolution
the shift, the beginning in England during the18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machinw
domesticaton
the taming of animals for human use
Patrician
in acient Rome , a member of the wealthy, privileged upper class.
Inquisition
a roman catholic tribunal for investigaying and prosecuting charges of hersy
hunter-gatherer
a member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods.
Urbanization
the growth of cities and the migration of people into them.
three field system
a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farmland was divided into three fields of equal size
Hellenistic
relating to the civilization language,art,science, and literature of greek word
Monastery
a religious community of men who have given up their possesions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship.
Nomad
a member of a grop that has no permanent home,wandering from place to place in search of food and water.
Guild
a medieval association of people working at the same occupation, which controlled its members wages and prices.
Republic
a form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote.
fief
an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system
Minoans
a seafaring and trading people that lived on the island of Crete from about 2000 to 1400 B.C
Puritains
a group of people who sought freedomfrom religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay in the early 1600s.
Colony
land controlled by another nation
vassal
a person who recieved a gran of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services
Conquistador
spanish soldiers,explorers, n fortune hunters.
Entrepreneur
a person who organizes,manages, and taking on the risk of buisness.

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