Envi Sci
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- health
- state of complete physical and mental health
- disease
- abnormal change in body conditions
- morbidity
- illness
- mortality
- death
- environmental health
- focusses on external factors such as disease technological
- daly's
-
disability ajusted life years
total cost of disease ex . premature death - pathogens
- disease causing organisms ex. bacteria
- emergent diseases
- not previously known absent for 20 years or more
- toxins
- poisons
- allergens
- substances that activate immune system in a bad way
- antigens
- ex cancer provoke working of white blood cells to provide certain proteins
- sick building syndrome
- when sick by indoor air
- neurotoxins
- class of metabolic poisons that specifically attack nerve / cells
- mutagens
- chemicals and radiation that alter dna cells ex. birth deffects
- teratogens
- cause abnomalities during embryonic growth and development
- carcinogens
- substances that cause cancer and tumors
- bioaccumulation
- selective absorbtion and storage of great variety of molecules ex dilute toxins in cells bad
- biomagnification
- when a larger animal ex lion eats an animal with toxins and makes a build up of toxins
- synergism
- causes a more risk for some thing else ex. lung cancer & espestos 20 fold
- cute affects
- single exposure to a toxin
- chronic effects
- long lasting effects
- primary pollutants
- reasleased directly into the air from a source
- secondary pollutants
- hazordous when mixed with air
- fugitive emmissions
- are those that do not go through filter smog
- ambient air
- air we breathe
- conventional/ criteria pollutants
- contribute the largest volume of air quality (7)degredation and also are considered the msot serious threat of all air pollutants to human health and well fair
- sulfer dioxide
- criteria polllutant that is a colorless gas that damages plants and animals makes acid rain
- nitrogen oxides
- makes smog
- co2
- cause global warming
- carbon monoxide
- toxic gas from combustion of fuel hurts respitory system
- aerosol
- and solid particles suspended in the air by gas
- particulate material
- aerosol dust ash soot
- volitile organic compounds
- organic compounds that exist as a gas in the air
- photochemical oxidents
- are products of ozone
- aesthetic degredation
- any undersirable changes in the physical characteristics or chemistry of atmosphere
- cfc's
- halon gases that stay in air for long time
- point sources
- discharge of pollution from a specific locations ex. drain pipe
- nonpoint sources
- no specific location for pollution ex. storm
- atmospheric deposition
- contaminants carried by air currants and made into water sheds or directly onto surface waters like rain or snow
- coliform bacteria
- poop
- do
- depends on contentin water like factors other than pollution ex. temp relates to survival of aquatic organisms
- aeration
- amount that a river can get rid of waste
- oligotrophic
- water that has clear water and low bio productivity
- eutrophic
- lots of rish organisms and plant life depends on depth of water mineral and biota of water
- cultural eutrophication
- increase in biological productivity and ecosystem succession caused by human activities
- red tide
- bloom of deadly aquatic microorganisms called dinoflagellets killes many fish come from runoff
- thermal plume
- when water disrups natural bio of water prob is factories energy plants
- effluent sewage
- ex boat hybrid of sewer system and septic plant
- waste stream
- steady stream of runoff
- sanitary landfills
- where solid waste disposal is regualted and controlled by being crushed and covered with dirt
- energy recovery/ labfill
- when waste is used to produce energy and waste is sorted
- refuse derived fuel
- incineratoins when garbage is burned regardless to what it is
- composting
- using waste to fertilize
- demanufacturing
- disassembly and recycling of obsolete products such as TV sets into waste
- ewaste
- computers cand cell pohones and are piling up
- toxic release inventory
- tells residence what is in their neighborhood
- superfund
-
1 immediate response to emergency situation to hazordous
2 clean up or remidiate abandoned or inactive sites
ex. tear down nasty buildings - brownfieds
- nasty land that is not used up mainly in city's
- permanent retrievable storage
- placing waste in cavern in a controlled environment that can be retrieved at a different time
- Classical economy's
- branch of moral philosophy based on individual interest and values
- supply
- quantity of that product being offered for sale at various prices
- market equilibrium
- when supply and demand are relatively close
- marginal costs and benefts
- whatit will cost to produce
- capital
- any form of wealth available for use in the production of more wealth
- resource
- anything with potential use in creationg wealth
- nonrenewable source
-
minerals ex. ones that cant be replaced
ex. fossil fuels - political economy
- moral philosophy uses old values such as only worry about urself
- neoclassical economics
- principles of modern science example dont litter need to grow to better people and envi
- ecological economics
- worry about environment only
- steady state economy
- advocated low human birth and death rates stability in enviroment
- intangible resources
- national parks based on beauty and asthetics
- proven reserves
-
mapped resources
ex. coal mined - known resources
- known but not necessary used solar energy
- undiscovered resources
- speculative resources
- recoverable resources
- accessible through modern technology digging for oil/ fuels
- tragedy of the commons
- book written by garret hardin telling that the world has problems because the only thing people care about is themselves
- open access system
- no rules to manage resource mainly owned by natives succesful ex. maine lobster
- communal resource managment
- 1 - live there 2- clearly defined boundries 3- communtiy size known 4- resource scarce 5- management enforced 6- monitored resource 7- incentives
- gross national product
- how much people spend
- gross domestic product
- amount/ sold made in country
- genuine progress index
- take account gross and income not very acurate
- cost benifit analysis
- assign values to resources and to env. / social effects of carring out to remove or touch
- pollution charges
- fees assesed per unit of effluent. how much pollution a business lets go
- emissions trading
- companies can sell credits to other companies so they can produce more pollution
- discount rates
- time factor into accoutning more important to get rid and have now then keep
- external costs
-
expenses that are borne by someone other than the individuals who use resource
ex. using water to flush toilets/ waste - internalizing costs
- some one who benifts from a resource also pays for it
- triple bottom line
- corporate responsibilty that deals with measaure of success