China Powerpoints
Terms
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- Bronze
- shang dynasty; cast in molds; many pieces put in tombs for more comfortable after-life
- Buddhist art
- began only showing Buddha but later started showing paradise-like nature scenes; Buddhism very popular so there are lots of great Buddhit pieces of art
- Painting
- organized way of showing objects in space; no light of shadow; made on silk; a single object focus in Sung dynasty
- Lanscape painting
- vast and orderly view; related Confucian and Taoist beliefs about nature
- Poetry
- supposed to represent inner peace; usually found on paintings
- Calligraphy
- often used to write poetry; most respected form of art; small brushstrokes needed
- Sculpture
- were master craftsmen; produced fine bronze; stone used a lot in religious sculpture; Qin emperor tomb contains over 6000 life-size terracotta figures
- Architecture
- based on balsnce and symmetry; main building and smaller buildings balanced around it; Feng Shui has a lot to do with all aspects of building
- Houses
- face south to block north wind and to get most sunlight; incorporate feng shui; roofs made of tile and framework made of wood; packed earth foundations
- Feng Shui
- used to create harmony and balance; achieved by repositioning things; feng = wind and shui = water; main goal was to keep Chi flowing
- Roofs
- Buddhist belief point would ward off evil spirits; made of ceramic tiles; mythical figures and corners and peaks
- Great wall
- used to protect Chinese from invading Mongolians but didn’t work; is the only man-made thing that can be seen from space; bodies of workers that died (over 1 million) inside wall; built during Qin dynasty
- Origins
- first recorded over 2000 ya
- Principles
- prevention/balance
- Chi
- good energy
- Yin
- solid/passive
- Yang
- hollow/active
- Theory of the Five Elements
- each organ is either yin or yang and either fire/water/wood/metal/earth; each of the five elements controls one element; so all organs control other organs
- Herbal Medecines
- different herbs said to redirect Chi
- Aromatherapy
- revolved around idea of redirecting Chi but just breath burning herbs
- Dietary therapy
- a lot of tea drank
- Acupuncture
- uses needles to puncture the body at the meridian points; specific points correspond with certain organs
- Acupressure
- putting pressure on the meridian points
- Moxibustion
- burning moxa on or near specific points on the body
- Meridian channels
- the lines that connect to different organs along the body
- Massage
- putting pressure on meridian points
- Tai Chi
- for better breathing; means balanced Chi
- History
- derives from Han-Tibeten; separated into Old and Middlee Chinese
- Mandarin
- most spoken form of Chinese; based on a bejing dialect; spoken mostly by higher class people
- Cantonese
- comes from Canton
- Guangozhou
- was capital of Cantonese
- Hong Kong
- capital of Cantonese now
- Minorities
- 55 minorites; some are Tibeten/ LoLo/ Mongolian/ Miao/ Tai
- Old Chinese
- Shang first to speak it; official language of Chin dynasty
- Middle Chinese
- spoken during Sui/ Tang/ Song dynasties; not based on an alphabet
- Characters
- oracle bones and bronze inscribed on; 121 AD = first Chinese dictionary
- Pictographs
- originally pictures of things
- Self explanatory
- self explanatory
- Associative compounds
- formed by combining two or more elements
- Pictophonetic
- two parts: meaning and sound
- Phonetic loan
- another way of using existing characters
- Mutually explanatory
- very common ways of being interpreted and are both explained
- Phonology
- four major tones to every syllable in mandarin
- Southern cuisine
- dim sum; Cantonese cooking; stir frying; boiling
- Northern Cuisine
- influenced by Mongolian cuisine; no rice; wheat; barley; millet; soybeans
- Eastern/Western Cuisine
- rice; wheat; seafood; bamboo; fresh vegetables; soy sauce; noodles
- Sichuan/Central Cuisine
- 4000 dishes; flower pepper; “a hundred flavorsâ€; soy sauce
- Methods/Techniques
- stir fry; deep frying; steaming; red stewing; boiling; roasting; cold mixing; poaching
- Soup
- served during/after dinner; eaten cold usually; basis is stock/broth
- Tea drinking
- helps digestion; fermentation; Yan Di (emperor) saved from being poisoned by tea→started being used medicinally
- 5 tastes
- sweet; bitter; sour; salty; pungent
- Fortune cookies
- 2 theories of origin; have Chinese association
- Types of performing arts
- shadow puppets; opera; drama/comedy; group dance; lion dance; acrobatics
- Theatre
- often musical and sometimes had dance; entertained emperor
- Theatre costume
- heavy make-up; silk dresses; fur to celebrate animals; many masks
- Dance
- communicate w/gods; used to pray to spirits; drum beats induced trance
- Elements of dance
- sleeve/silk dancing; drums; big troupes; military representation;little dialogue
- Meanings of dance
- represent battles or unity; ancestor worship; honored grain gods or animals; celebrated Buddha; rhythmic musical dance linked to spirit world
- Acrobatics
- began in Warring States Period
- Traditional Acrobatic Arts
- cycling acts; tight-wire acts; hoop diving; sprong board acrobatics; lion dance; meteor juggling (glass orbs); Wushu (group gymastics); conjuring of water/fire/fish; pole climbing