cj tech midterm
Terms
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- Science
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Term used in its broadest meaning to denote systematized knowledge-building in any field.
Applied usually to the organization of objectively verifiable sensory experiences.
Scienctific Fields - The research (knowledge-building) process:
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Inductive reasoning- goal, explore, discover, and describe new knowledge
Deductive reasoning – goal – test existing knowledge and theories - Inductive reasoning
- goal, explore, discover, and describe new knowledge
- Deductive reasoning
- goal – test existing knowledge and theories
- Concept of scientific revolutions: (kuhn, 1962)
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*normal science
*crises
*revolution
*paradigm shift - Physical science v. social science
- Physics biology and chemistry v sociology criminology psychology
- What came first science or technology?
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Science and technology are Inextricability linked
*Neither is possible w/ out the other
*Society depends on both, but science generally does not provide basis for technology innovation
*Technology is generally feared more than science as being out of control. - WHAT is technology
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Process by which humans fashion tools and machines to increase their control and understanding of the material environment
“Simple-to-complex tools and techniques that allow people to do things.†- Technology production eras
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*craft production- hand made and unique
*Mass manufacturing
*Synthetic production - Craft era
- Everything hand made—workers possessed tacit knowledge and skills
- production
- high quality with low volume
- Technology trends
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INCREASING: Systems integration
Synthetic knowledge
Complexity
Manufacturers
Product lines
Functionality
Interoperability
Affordability
Miniaturization
Adoption for criminal justice, security and personal purposes. - What does “administration of justice†mean?
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*managing agencies
*crime prevention
*order maintenance
*crime control
*Law enforcement
*corrections
*social justice
*reduction of fear ** - Six categories of positive and negative impacts and implications
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1. Ethical- is it the right thing to do?
2. Social- how will our lives change?
3. Legal- is it consistent with constitutional rights and legal responsibilities?
4. technical- is it compatible with existing tech?
5. Managerial- How will it affect operations, culture and supervision of personnel?
6. policy- What more can the federal government do to research, develop or promote responsible use of the technology? - Management-related process involved in criminal justice and security technology administration.
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Invention- discovery of a new technology
Innovation- improving an existing technology
Adoption- planning for and decision to being using
Procurement- involves budgeting for and purchasing
Implementation- phasing into operations
Training- developing personnel knowledge, skills, abilities
Use- state of regular reliance and supervision
Maintenance- preventing damage and repairing equipment
Evaluation- determining efficaciousness
Diffusion- having to do with widespread technology adoption - Planning for budgeting and procurement
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*budgeting and fiscal management: --Costs: capital, direct, indirect
Procurement: RFP- a request for proposal is a method used to solicit business plans from corporations. The RFP process allows for you the equitable and simultaneous comparison and analysis of competing business product and service offerings.
(RFQ = request for quotation) - budgeting and fiscal management:
- --Costs: capital, direct, indirect
- Procurement:
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RFP- a request for proposal is a method used to solicit business plans from corporations. The RFP process allows for you the equitable and simultaneous comparison and analysis of competing business product and service offerings.
(RFQ = request for quotation) - insourcing
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*reduced cost
*greater control
*more ownership
*inability to recoup costs
*must assume liability - outsourcing
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*requires RFP contract awarding process
*requires contractor oversight
*more expensive
*more expertise
*product/service warranty. - Planning for technology adoption
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You must know your agency, community, and/or service target:
*assess and identify capabilities, needs and deficiencies
*know your mission
*must know your technology status
*scan for threats/opportunities
*determine manpower and material available for technology, can you do it yourself, or do you need help? - 10 core purposes for which criminals use technology:
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1. surveillance
2. planning
3. communication
4. transportation
5. coercion
6. protection
7. concealment
8. value storage
9. inflict harm
10. expand operations - Ongoing management and maintenance of technologies
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*regular inspection and testing to ensure proper functioning
* procedures for care and servicing of equipment - primary and secondary technical categories
- 1.avionics 2. chemical 3. computing 4. electro-mechanical 5. electronics 6. imaging 7. mechanical 8. optial 9. robotics 10. sensing 11. telecommunications
- primary and secondary functional categories
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1.bomb/explosives/ordinance management
2. communications
3. compliance/immobilization
4. contraband detection
5. crime/collision scene management
6. crime/ intelligence analysis
7. critical incident management
8. cyber protection
9. facilities protection
10. forensics/criminalistics
11. measurement
12. planning and problem solving
13. prisoner management
14. protective equiptment
15. records mngt and integrated info systems.
16. spatial accessing
17.surveillance & monitering
18. training
19. transportation