Medical terminology 110
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- post-
- after; behind
- radio-
-
x-rays; radioactivity;radius
(laterial lower arm bine) - -scope
- insturment for visual examination
- -therapy
- treatment
- uni-
- one
- -al
- pretaining to
- dermat/o
- skin
- derm/o
- skin
- gastr/o
- stomach
- hyper-
- above; excessive
- -ic
- pretaining to
- -itis
- inflammation
- micro-
- small
- -phobia
- fear
- pre-
- before; infront of
- psych/o
- mind
- rhin/o
- nose
- splen/o
- spleen
- -tic
- pretaining to
- pneumon/o
- lung; air; gas
- poly-
- many; much
- ren/o
- kidney
- retr/o
- backward; back; behind
- -rrhage
-
bursting forth
(of blood) - -rrhaphy
- suture
- -rrhea
- flow; discharge
- -rrhexis
- rupture
- -sis
- state of; condition
- spir/o
- to breath
- -stasis
- to stop; control; place
- -stomy
-
new opening;
(to form a mouth) - sub-
- under; below
- supra-
- above; upper
- tachy-
- fast
- tel/o
- complete
- thorac/o
- chest
- trache/o
-
wind pipe;
(trachea) - thromb/o
- clot
- -tomy
- process of cutting
- -thorax
- chest; pleual cavity
- -trophy
- nourishment; development
- -um
- structure; tissue; thing
- glyc/o
- glucose; sugar
- -graphy
- process of recording
- -scopy
- visual examination
- -pnea
- breathing
- -plasty
- surgical repair
- -plasm
- formation
- -plasia
- development; formation; growth
- phren/o
- diaphragm; mind
- pharyng/o
-
throat;
(pharynx) - peri-
- surrounding
- -penia
- deficiency
- ped/o
- child; foot
- -pathy
- disease; emotion
- path/o
- disease
- pan-
- all
- -oma
- tumor; mass; fluid collection
- -ous
- pretaining to
- ot/o
- ear
- -opsy
- view of
- onc/o
- tumor
- -oid
- resembling
- nucle/o
- nucleus
- neur/o
- nerve
- nephr/o
- kidney
- neo-
- new
- nat/i
- birth
- -megaly
- enlargment
- -malacia
- softening
- mal-
- bad
- -lysis
- break down; seperation; destruction; loosening
- -logy
- study of
- lob/o
- lobe
- leuk/o
- white
- laryng/o
-
voice box
(larynx) - kary/o
- nucleus
- -ium
- structure; tissue
- -ist
- specialist
- -ism
- process; condition
- inguin/o
- groin
- immun/o
- immune; protection; safe
- iatr/o
- physician; treatment
- intra-
- within; into
- inter-
- between
- in-
- in; into; not
- -ia
- condition
- hyp/o
- deficient; under; below; less than normal
- hist/o
- tissue
- hepat/o
- liver
- hem/o
- blood
- hemi-
- half
- hemat/o
- blood
- gynec/o
- woman; femal
- -graph
- instrument for recording
- -gram
- record
- gen/o
- producing; forming
- -genic
- produced by or in
- -genesis
- producing; forming
- ex-
- out; away from
- eu-
- good; normal
- erythr/o
- red
- -er
- one who
- epi-
- above; upon; on
- entr/o
-
intestine;
(usually small intestine) - end/o
- in; within
- encephal/o
- brain
- en-
- in; within
- -emia
- blood condition
- -ectomy
- removal; excistion; resection
- ec-
- out; outside
- dys-
- bad; painful; difficult; abnormal
- -dynia
- pain
- dia-
- complete; through
- de-
- lack of; down; less; removal of
- cyt/o
- cell
- -cyte
- cell
- cyst/o
- urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid
- cost/o
- rid
- contra-
- against; opposite
- coni/o
- dust
- col/o
-
colon;
(large intestine) - cis/o
- to cut
- cib/o
- meal
- chrom/o
- color
- chondr/o
- cartilage
- cervic/o
-
neck; cervix;
(neck of uterus) - cephal/o
- head
- -centesis
- surgical puncture to remove fluid
- -cele
- hernia
- cardi/o
- heart
- carcin/o
- cancer; cancerous
- capn/o
- carbon dioxide
- bronch/o
- bronchial tube
- brady-
- slow
- -blast
- embryonic; immature
- bi/o
- life
- axill/o
- armpit
- aut/o
- own; self
- -ary
- pretaining to
- arth/o
- joint
- anti-
- against
- ante-
- before; forward
- angi/o
-
vessel;
(blood) - ana-
- up: apart; backward; again; anew
- an-
- no; not; without
- alveol/o
- alveolus; air sac; small sac
- -algia
- pain
- adip/o
- fat
- aden/o
- gland
- acr/o
- extremities; top; extream point
- -sclerosis
- hardening
- -logist
- specialist
- ad-
- towards
- cementum
-
the cementum covers, protects, and supports the dentin in the root of the tooth.
(the outter most layer below closest to the root) - dysphasia
- difficult in swallowing
- ascites
- abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
- lipase
- pancrea enzyme necessary to digest fats.
- paristalsis
- paristalsis moves the contents through the GI tract at different rates.
- dentin
- major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.
- pyloric sphincter
- ring of muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum.
- lieum
- third part of the small intestine.
- villi
- microscopic projection on the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
- intussusception
- telescoping of the intestines.
- volvulus
- twisting of the intestine upon itself.
-
(LFT's)
liver function tests -
tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum.
(clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted) - ALT
-
examples of ALT (alkanine amino transaminase)
Transinubases (enzymes) present in many tissues and elevated in the serum of patients with liver disease. - AST
-
AST (aspartate amino trasminase)
AST are transaminase (enzymes) presents in many tissues and elevated in the serum of patients with liver disease. - stool culture
- test for microorganisms present in stool
- hemoccult test
- detection of blood in feces
- melena
- black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.
- anal fistula
- abnormal tube-like passage near the anus.
- Crohn disease
-
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.
(terminal ileum and colon) - diverticulosis
- abnormal side pockets (out pouchings)in the intestinal wall.
- ileus
- failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines.
- rugae
- ridges on the hard palate and the walls of the stomach.
- flatus
- gas expelled through the anus.
- hematochezia
- passage of bright, fresh, red blood from the rectum.
- jejunum
- second part of the small intestine.
- duodenum
-
first part of the large intestine.
(is only 1 foot long) - buccal surface
- the buccal surface (buss/o means cheek) for premolar and molar teeth, lies adjacent to the cheek.
- ac-
- before meals; (actecibum)
- anabolism
- process of building up body tissue; the constructive phase of metabolism by which cells take from the blood nutrients required for repair or growth.
- mensentery
- the peritoneal fols that encircles the small intestine and connects it to the posterior abdominal wall.
- serum builirubin
- serum bilirubin levels are elevated in patients with liver disease and jaundice.
- stool guaiac
- detection of blood in the feces.
- cholangiography
- x-ray examination of the biliary system after injecting contrast into the bile ducts.
- MRI
- magnetic resonance imaging
- paracentesis
- surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen.
- BE
- barium enema
- CT scan
- computed tomography
- EGD
- esphagogastroduodenoscopy
- GERD
- gastroesophageal reflux disease.
- NPO
- nothing by mouth
- pc
- after meals (post cibum)
- po
- by mouth
- prn
- as needed
- qid
- four times a day
- hs
- at bed time
- periodontal membrane
- a periodontal membrane surronds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.
- cholelithiasis
- gallstones in the gallbladder.
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
-
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.
(GERD) - ALP
- alkaline phosphatase (alkaline phospherus) is another enzyme that may be elevated in patients with liver, bone, and other disease.
- -emesis
- vomiting
- inguinal hernia
- an inguinal hernia occurs when a small loop of bowl protrudes through a weak lower abdominal muscle.
- labial surface
- the labial surface (labi/o means lip) for incisoe and canine teeth, is nearest the lips.
- computed tomography
-
(CT scan)
x-ray series showing cross-sectional images of internal organs allows visualization. - barium enema
- x-ray images of the colon and rectum after injecting barium in to the rectum.
- colorectal cancer
- adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.
- colonis polyposis
- polyps (benighn growth) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.
- cirrhosis
- chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
- cardiac sphincter
- ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach.
- amylase
- enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
- TPN
-
(total parenteral nutrition)
this intravenous (IV) solution contains sugar (dextrose), proteins (amino acid), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), and vitamins. - nasogastric intubation
- insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach.
- GI
- gastrointestinal
- bid
- twice a day
- rectum
- last section of the colon
- borborygmus
- rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestine tract.
- defecation
- expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus.
- baruim enema
-
(lower gastrointestinal series)
x-ray images of the colon and return after injecting barium into the rectum. - hiatal hernia
- an hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach protudes upward through the diaphragm.
- occlusal edge
- premolars and molars have an additional occlusal surface (occlusion means to close) that comes in contact with acorresponding tooth in the opposing arch.
- pulp
- soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
- enamel
- hard; outermost layer of a tooth.
- incisor
- one of four teeth in the dental arch.
- stool
- solid wastes; feces
- sigmoid colon
- lower part of the colon; shaped like an S.
- root
- which lies within the bony tooth socket.
- molar
- sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on wither side of the dental arch. Premolas teeth are the fourth and fivth teeth, before the molars.
- uvula
- soft tissue hanging from the palate into the mouth.
- feces
- solid waste; stool
- crown
- shows above the gumline.
- canine
- pointed, dog-like teeth, next to the incisors. Also called cusids or eyeteeth.
- lingua surface
- opposite to the facial surface, all teeth have a lingual surface (lingual/o means tongue)
- incisal
- incisors & canines have sharp incisal edges.
- q4h
- every four hours
- qod
- every other day
- qd
- every day
- qh
- every hour
- tid
- three times a day
- BM
- bowel movement
- hepititis A
- hepititis A is a virual hepatitis caused by HAV. It is a benighn disorder spread by contaminated food or water and characterized by slow onset of symptoms.
- hepitits B
- hepititis B is a virual hepatitis caused by HBV and is transmitted by blood tranfusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles or instruments.
- hepititis C
- hepititis C is a virual hepatitis caused by HCV and is transmitted by blood tranfusion,or needles inoculation ( such as intravenous drug users sharing needles) the acute illness may prigress to chronic hepatitis.
- ulcerative colitis
- chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.
- hemorrhoids
- swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.
- periodontal disease
-
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surroundinf bones;
(also called pyorrhea (py/o means pus) - oral leukoplakia
- white plawues or pathches (-plakia means plaque) on the mucosa of the mouth.