Psy
Terms
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- Beta Waves
- Fast, low amplitude wave patterns that occur when you are awake and alert.
- Circadian Rhythm
- The patterns of fluctuations in bodliy processes that occur regularly each day.
- Delta Waves
- Large slow brain waves that occur during deep sleep during which it becomes hard to arouse you.
- Divided Conciousness
- Simutaneously perform two different activities each of which demands some level of attention.
- Drifting conciousness
- After sometime, your mind may start drifting from thought to thought "Mental Wanderings"
- Focused Awareness
- Enables us to achieve a heightened state of alert wakefulness.
- Insomnia
- Trouble remaining asleep/not being able to get to sleep/trouble remaining asleep.
- lowered awareness
- when one is asleep and not aware of what goes by around them.
- Narcolepsy
- when people fall asleep suddenly (REM)/ treat with stimulant meds.
- NINETY minute cycles
- dreams repeat every minute during REM sleep/ the stages of sleep each take ninety minutes, and then they pass to the next stage.
- NREM
- (non-REM) where dreams occur during stages 1-4 but are generally briefer, less frequent and more thoughtlike then other dreams.
- Physiological dependance
- A persons body chemistry changes as a result of repeated usage of the drug, body becomes dependant on drug and the steady supply of such drug.
- Physical effects of substance abuse
- syrosis/disease of the liver, lung cancer, death ect.
- psychological dependance
- cravings
- pyschological effects of substance abuse
- hallucinations/paranoia
- REM
- stage of sleep that is most closely associated with dreams. Deepest form of sleep. "Active Sleepin"
- Selective Conciousness
- The ability to direct our attention to certain objects, events or expieriences while filtering our extraneous stimuli.
- Sleep Apnea
- When humans stop breathing during nights sleep.
- Sleep Cycles
- Different stages of sleep, as they advance, we become deeper into sleep.
- Tolerance
- The amount of substance one can handle without getting the effect.
- Avoidance Learning
- A warning is given, and one takes appropriate action to avoid the harm that is about to happen.
- Classical Conditioning
- Learning by association, learning by expieriences in which one stimulus is paired with another that elicits these naturally occuring reactions.
- Cognitive Map
- A representation in ones minds of direction.
- Conditioned stimulus/response
- Stimulus that illicts a response once it is learned.
- Escape Learning
- The learning of behaviors that allow an organism to escape from an aversive stimulus.
- Extinction
- Gradual dismissal of a stiumulated response.
- Garcia
- "Tase Aversion theory"
- Instinctive Drift
- something natural inside interfers with the ability to be conditioned.
- Law of Effect
- Thorndikes principle that responses that have satisfying effects are more likely to recur, while those that have unpleasant effects are less likely to occur.
- Negative reinforcement
- The strengthening of a response through the removal of a stimulus after the response occurs.
- Neutral Stimulus
- A stimulus that before conditioning does not produce a particular response
- Operant conditioning
- The process of learning in which the manipulation of the consequences of a response influences the likelihood or probability of the response occuring.
- Pavlov
- Classical conditioning.
- Positive reinforcement
- The strengthening of a response through the introduction of a stimulus following the response.
- Primary Reinforcer
- Reinforcers such as food or sexual stimulation that are naturally rewarding because they satisfy basic biological needs or drives.
- Punishment
- Taking away something positive.
- Reinforcement Schedules
- A system of dispensing a reinforcement each time a response is produced.
- Shaping
- A process of learning that involves the reinforcement of increasingly closer approximations of the desired response.
- Skinner
- A psychologist who developed the type of learning operant conditioning.
- Spontaneous Recovery
- The Spontaneous return of a conditioned responseg following extinction.
- Stimulus discrimination/generalization
- The tendency of a stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
- Taste Aversion
- Aversions to a particular tastes aquired through classical conditioning.
- Unconditioned Response
- An unlearned response to a stimulus.
- Unconditioned Stimulus
- A Stimulus that elicits an unlearned response.
- Watson
- Researcher who worked with "Little Albert".
- Anterograde Amnesia
- Loss of impairment of the ability to form or store new memories.
- Chunking
- The process of enhancing retention of a large amount of information by breaking it down into smaller, more easily recalled chunks.
- Decay Theory
- A theory of gradually forgetting memories over time.
- Declaritive memory
- memory of facts and personal information that requires a concious effort to bring to mind (also called explicit memory)
- Secondary Reinforcement
- Learned reinforcers such as money, that develops there reinforcing properties because of there association with primary reinforcers.
- Ebbigh
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- Encoding
- Putting information into a form that you can make storage.
- Flashbulb Memory
- Enduring memories of emotionally charged events that seem to be permanently seared into the brain.
- Long term memory
- The memory of subsystem responsible for long term storage of information.
- Motivated Forgetting
- defense mechanism forget in order to avoid unpleasantness.
- Practice
- Wish to remember something it helps to rehearse
- Proactive Interference
- A form of intereference in which material learned earlier interferes with retention of newly aquired information.
- Procedural Memory
- memory of how to do things that require motor or performance skill.
- Retrieval
- Information into long term memory-look into memory to find a certain though or peice of information.
- Retroactive interference
- A form of interference in which newly acquired information interfers with retention of material learned earlier.
- Retrograde amnesia
- loss of memory of past events.
- Sensory Memory
- The storage system that holds memory of sensory impressions for a very short time.
- Serial position effect
- The tendency
- short term memory
- the memory storage system that allows for short term retention